Property Enhancement of Silica-Filled Natural Rubber Compatibilized with Epoxidized Low Molecular Weight Rubber by Extra Sulfur

Abstract

The properties of both compounds and vulcanizates of silica-filled natural rubber (NR) compatibilized with epoxidized low molecular weight natural rubbers (ELMWNRs) consisting of 12 and 28 mol% epoxide are investigated. The ELMWNRs with a molecular weight range of 50,000 to 60,000 g/mol are produced by depolymerization of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) latex using periodic acid, and then used as compatibilizer in a range of 0 to 15 phr in virgin NR. The compounds with LMWNR without epoxide groups, and with bis-(triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide (TESPT) coupling agent are also prepared for comparison purpose. Incorporation of ELMWNRs lowers Mooney viscosity and Payne effect to the level closed to that of silica/TESPT compound, and clearly enhances the modulus and tensile strength of vulcanizates compared to the compounds with no compatibilizer and LMWNR. The higher epoxide groups content results in the better tensile properties but somewhat less than the compound with TESPT. Addition of extra sulfur into the compounds with LMWNR and ELMWNRs to compensate for the sulfur released from silane molecule in the silica/TESPT system shows small influence on Mooney viscosity, but remarkably enhances 300% modulus, tensile strength and loss tangent at 60°C as a result of the better network formation.

Reduced Ethanol Emissions by a Combination of Epoxidized Natural Rubber and Silane Coupling Agent for Silica-Reinforced Natural Rubber-Based Tire Treads

“…17 In addition, the effect of extra sulfur added into the silica-filled NR compounds compatibilized with ELMWNR was reported to enhance modulus and tensile strength as well as to reduce the loss tangent at 60 8C. 18 As shown in our previous report, 15 the use of 7.5 phr of ENR with 51 mol% of epoxide (ENR-51) as a compatibilizer showed the best overall properties of the silica-filled NR compounds but was still somewhat inferior to those of a reference with TESPT alone. This present work, therefore, investigated the use of 7.5 phr of ENR-51 in combination with TESPT at varying amounts, without and with sulfur compensation to further enhance the properties.…”