Properties of Ti–6Al–4V non-stochastic lattice structures fabricated via electron beam melting

Cansizoglu, Omer; Harrysson, Ola L. A.; Cormier, Denis; West, Harvey; Mahale, Tushar

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2008.04.002

Cited by 226 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…For the gradient structures, the fracture initiated from the thinnest struts, that is at the top and bottom plane for Dense-In and in the middle for Dense-Out. This diagonal shear collapse of uniform structures is typical behavior of BCC structures [52][53][54] and other structures with different cell geometries [55,56] owing to strut bending at lattice joints [51]. …”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Porous Scaffoldsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Behavior of Additively Manufactured and Functionally Graded Ti6Al4V Porous Scaffolds

Onal

Frith

Jurg

et al. 2018

Metals

122

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Abstract:Functionally graded lattice structures produced by additive manufacturing are promising for bone tissue engineering. Spatial variations in their porosity are reported to vary the stiffness and make it comparable to cortical or trabecular bone. However, the interplay between the mechanical properties and biological response of functionally graded lattices is less clear. Here we show that by designing continuous gradient structures and studying their mechanical and biological properties simultaneously, orthopedic implant design can be improved and guidelines can be established. Our continuous gradient structures were generated by gradually changing the strut diameter of a body centered cubic (BCC) unit cell. This approach enables a smooth transition between unit cell layers and minimizes the effect of stress discontinuity within the scaffold. Scaffolds were fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM) and underwent mechanical and in vitro biological testing. Our results indicate that optimal gradient structures should possess small pores in their core (~900 µm) to increase their mechanical strength whilst large pores (~1100 µm) should be utilized in their outer surface to enhance cell penetration and proliferation. We suggest this approach could be widely used in the design of orthopedic implants to maximize both the mechanical and biological properties of the implant.

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Section: Mechanical Properties Of Porous Scaffoldsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Behavior of Additively Manufactured and Functionally Graded Ti6Al4V Porous Scaffolds

Onal

Frith

Jurg

et al. 2018

Metals

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The melt pool instability is affected possibly by an inadequate energy density transmitted from the electron beam into the powder, and it may result in the balling effect, when the surface tension of molten liquid exceeds the wetting ability of the previously solidified layer [29]. The melt balls further prevent the process from continuation due to rough textures of the top layer.…”

Section: Microstructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on powder-based electron beam additive manufacturing technology

Gong

Anderson

Chou

2014

Manufacturing Review

146

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-This paper presents a thorough literature review of the powder-based electron beam additive manufacturing (EBAM) technology. EBAM, a relatively new additive manufacturing (AM) process, can produce full-density metallic parts directly from the electronic data of the designed part geometry. EBAM has gained broad attentions from different industries such as aerospace and biomedical, with great potential in a variety of applications. The paper first introduces the general aspects of EBAM. The unique characteristics, advantages and challenges of EBAM are then presented. Moreover, the hub of this paper includes extensive discussions of microstructures, mechanical properties, geometric attributes, which impact the application ranges of EBAM parts, with focus on commonly used titanium alloys (in particular, Ti-6Al-4V). In the end, modeling efforts and process metrology of the EBAM process are discussed as well.

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“…This design can be divided into the following four groups: CADbased [29], image-based [30], implicit surfaces [31], or topology optimized unit cells [32]. Figure 1 represents the different types of lattice structures used in biomedical implant applications.…”

Section: Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dimensional characterization is related to the evaluation of the strut size, pore size, and pore shape. A few techniques are used in the literature to measure this diameter/size, such as optical microscopes (OM), scanning electron microscopes (SEM), and micro computed topography (CT) [57].…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lattice Structures and Functionally Graded Materials Applications in Additive Manufacturing of Orthopedic Implants: A Review

Mahmoud

Elbestawi

2017

JMMP

192

117

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A major advantage of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies is the ability to print customized products, which makes these technologies well suited for the orthopedic implants industry. Another advantage is the design freedom provided by AM technologies to enhance the performance of orthopedic implants. This paper presents a state-of-the-art overview of the use of AM technologies to produce orthopedic implants from lattice structures and functionally graded materials. It discusses how both techniques can improve the implants' performance significantly, from a mechanical and biological point of view. The characterization of lattice structures and the most recent finite element analysis models are explored. Additionally, recent case studies that use functionally graded materials in biomedical implants are surveyed. Finally, this paper reviews the challenges faced by these two applications and suggests future research directions required to improve their use in orthopedic implants.

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Properties of Ti–6Al–4V non-stochastic lattice structures fabricated via electron beam melting

Cited by 226 publications

References 15 publications

Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Behavior of Additively Manufactured and Functionally Graded Ti6Al4V Porous Scaffolds

Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Behavior of Additively Manufactured and Functionally Graded Ti6Al4V Porous Scaffolds

Review on powder-based electron beam additive manufacturing technology

Lattice Structures and Functionally Graded Materials Applications in Additive Manufacturing of Orthopedic Implants: A Review

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