Review on powder-based electron beam additive manufacturing technology

Gong, Xue; Anderson, Ted L.; Chou, Kevin

doi:10.1051/mfreview/2014001

Cited by 144 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Prior to melting each layer, the new layer of powder was preheated and sintered by scanning the beam over the cross-sectional geometry in an attempt to maintain a consistent build temperature of 730°C throughout and reduce the effects of charging of the powder during melting. Further information on this process can be found in [13], [14]. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the microstructures for the two materials.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the small punch test to determine the fatigue properties of additive manufactured aerospace alloys

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Additive layer manufacturing (ALM) processes are becoming increasingly prevalent in the aerospace industry as design engineers look to profit from the numerous advantages that these advanced techniques can offer. However, given the safety critical nature and arduous operating conditions to which these components will be exposed to whilst in service, it is essential that the mechanical properties of such structures are fully understood. Transient microstructures are a typical characteristic of ALM components and resulting from the thermal cycles that occur during the build operation. Those microstructures make any mechanical assessment an involved procedure when assessing the process variables for any given parameter set. A useful mechanical test technique is small-scale testing, in particular, the small punch (SP) test. SP testing is capable of localised sampling of a larger scale component and presents an attractive option to mechanically assess complex parts with representative geometries, that would not be possible using more conventional uniaxial test approaches. This paper will present the recent development of a small-scale testing methodology capable of inducing fatigue damage and a series of novel tests performed on different variants of Ti6Al-4V.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the small punch test to determine the fatigue properties of additive manufactured aerospace alloys

et al. 2018

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“…According to the different heat sources, the current existence of the AM method consists of laser melting deposition [6,7], wire arc additive manufacturing [8,9], electron beam additive manufacturing [10]. Many researches have been done on the stainless steel using the AM method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and mechanical properties of 304L steel fabricated by arc additive manufacturing

Liu

et al. 2017

MATEC Web Conf.

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Abstract. For 304L large structural parts used in nuclear power, it is hard and costly to fabricate and machine traditionally. Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has low cost and high material utilization, which provides an efficient way to fabricate the large structural parts. So in this study, WAAM is used to fabricate the parts of 304L stainless steel. Through the tensile test and metallographic analysis, the mechanical properties and microstructure of the 304L stainless steel fabricated by WAAM were explored. The results indicate that with the layers depositing, the cooling rate becomes slower, the dendrites become thicker and the morphology becomes more stable. Due to the existence of dendrites, the grain boundary strengthening effect is different between the transverse direction and longitudinal direction, and resulting in anisotropy of mechanical properties. However, the mechanical properties of the parts correspond to the forged piece, which lays the foundation for future applications.

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“…SLM of Inconel 718 parts were performed based on a complete melting and solidification manner and the columnar γ dendrite architecture was formed by means of the heterogeneous nucleation of γ nuclei and subsequent dendrite growth. The columnar grains are typical in high-energy materials processing, and upon rapid cooling from the melt, the growing grains align themselves with the steepest temperature gradients and result in columnar shaped morphology [10][11][12], The columnar structure is commonly observed in other alloys subject to SLM such as Ti-6A1-4V [13] and Ti6Al-7Nb alloys [14], In addition, the columnar structure is also found from other powder-bed additive manufacturing processes such as electron beam melting [15]. Strondl et al [15] investigated the microstructure evolution and phase analysis of an EBM processed Inconel 718.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%