Properties of the tick-borne encephalitis virus population during persistent infection of ixodid ticks and tick cell lines

Belova, Oxana A.; Litov, Alexander G.; Kholodilov, Ivan S.; Kozlovskaya, Liubov I.; Bell‐Sakyi, Lesley; Romanova, Lyudmila I.; Karganova, Galina G.

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.07.008

Cited by 28 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…However, it can be argmented that upon the ingestion of a blood meal, physiological processes in the tick can lead to a dramatic increase of endogenous TBEV replication, and thus the before mentioned infection rates of 0.1-5% might be too low. This is supported by data published by Belova et al 2012 37 and 2017 38 showing increased TBEV replication after a blood meal. To target this issue, we have conducted a small trial experiment prior to our infection studies with 40 nymphs from Haselmühl and 40 nymphs from Hanover using the same feeding system with non-infected blood and compared TBEV detection rates with questing ticks from the same sampling spots (Suppl.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Tick populations from endemic and non-endemic areas in Germany show differential susceptibility to TBEV

Liebig

Boelke

Grund

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is endemic in twenty-seven European countries, transmitted via the bite of an infected tick. TBEV is the causative agent of one of the most important viral diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). In Germany, 890 human cases were registered between the years 2018–2019. The castor bean tick, Ixodes ricinus, is the TBEV vector with the highest importance in Central Europe, including Germany. Despite the nationwide distribution of this tick species, risk areas of TBEV are largely located in Southern Germany. To increase our understanding of TBEV-tick interactions, we collected ticks from different areas within Germany (Haselmühl/Bavaria, Hanover/Lower Saxony) and infected them via an in vitro feeding system. A TBEV isolate was obtained from an endemic focus in Haselmühl. In two experimental series conducted in 2018 and 2019, ticks sampled in Haselmühl (TBEV focus) showed higher artificial feeding rates, as well as higher TBEV infections rates than ticks from the non-endemic area (Hanover). Other than the tick origin, year and month of the infection experiment as well as co-infection with Borrelia spp., had a significant impact on TBEV Haselmühl infection rates. Taken together, these findings suggest that a specific adaptation of the tick populations to their respective TBEV virus isolates or vice versa, leads to higher TBEV infection rates in those ticks. Furthermore, co-infection with other tick-borne pathogens such as Borrelia spp. can lower TBEV infection rates in specific populations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Tick populations from endemic and non-endemic areas in Germany show differential susceptibility to TBEV

Liebig

Boelke

Grund

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…While the variant adapted to tick cells (40 IRE) produced plaque samples of approximately half the size of the parental strain, the variant adapted to mammalian cells (40 PS) produced plaque samples of the same size as the parental strain. Similar observations were reported for strains of Siberian subtype TBEV passaged in ticks and tick cell lines [22]. Nevertheless, the assumption that the production of larger plaque samples in cell culture is associated with increased virulence in vertebrates [42] was not confirmed in our virulence experiments in the mouse model.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…The existence of quasispecies was previously described for several mosquito-borne flaviviruses [17][18][19]. There is growing evidence from field studies [16,20] and laboratory experiments [21][22][23] that the same is true for TBEV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Adaptation in Different Host Environments and Existence of Quasispecies

Helmová

Hönig

Tykalová

et al. 2020

Viruses

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A highly virulent strain (Hypr) of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) was serially subcultured in the mammalian porcine kidney stable (PS) and Ixodes ricinus tick (IRE/CTVM19) cell lines, producing three viral variants. These variants exhibited distinct plaque sizes and virulence in a mouse model. Comparing the full-genome sequences of all variants, several nucleotide changes were identified in different genomic regions. Furthermore, different sequential variants were revealed to co-exist within one sample as quasispecies. Interestingly, the above-mentioned nucleotide changes found within the whole genome sequences of the new variants were present alongside the nucleotide sequence of the parental strain, which was represented as a minority quasispecies. These observations further imply that TBEV exists as a heterogeneous population that contains virus variants pre-adapted to reproduction in different environments, probably enabling virus survival in ticks and mammals.

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“…Our experiment confirmed the presence of a rhabdovirus and suggests that it does not interfere with the persistence and active reproduction of ALSV in IRE/CTVM19 cells. Persistent infection in tick cells and ticks could affect virus properties, as was previously shown for tick-borne encephalitis virus [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Isolation and Characterisation of Alongshan Virus in Russia

Kholodilov

Litov

Klimentov

et al. 2020

Viruses

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In recent decades, many new flavi-like viruses have been discovered predominantly in different invertebrates and, as was recently shown, some of them may cause disease in humans. The Jingmenvirus (JMV) group holds a special place among flaviviruses and flavi-like viruses because they have a segmented ssRNA(+) genome. We detected Alongshan virus (ALSV), which is a representative of the JMV group, in ten pools of adult Ixodes persulcatus ticks collected in two geographically-separated Russian regions. Three of the ten strains were isolated in the tick cell line IRE/CTVM19. One of the strains persisted in the IRE/CTVM19 cells without cytopathic effect for three years. Most ALSV virions purified from tick cells were spherical with a diameter of approximately 40.5 nm. In addition, we found smaller particles of approximately 13.1 nm in diameter. We obtained full genome sequences of all four segments of two of the isolated ALSV strains, and partial sequences of one segment from the third strain. Phylogenetic analysis on genome segment 2 of the JMV group clustered our novel strains with other ALSV strains. We found evidence for the existence of a novel upstream open reading frame in the glycoprotein-coding segment of ALSV and other members of the JMV group.

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Properties of the tick-borne encephalitis virus population during persistent infection of ixodid ticks and tick cell lines

Cited by 28 publications

References 34 publications

Tick populations from endemic and non-endemic areas in Germany show differential susceptibility to TBEV

Tick populations from endemic and non-endemic areas in Germany show differential susceptibility to TBEV

Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Adaptation in Different Host Environments and Existence of Quasispecies

Isolation and Characterisation of Alongshan Virus in Russia

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