Properties of narrow cuts of hydrocracked kerosene for jet fuel

Relation of the Content of Sustainable Components (HEFAs) in Blends with Hydrotreated Straight-Run Kerosene to the Properties of Aviation Fuel

“…Initiative RefuelEU, its update in Regulation (EU) 2023/2405, and the period thereafter are accompanied by a detailed study on the production and effect of synthetic components [1][2][3]8, and especially HEFAs [3,7,8,[13][14][15][16][17][19][20][21][22][24][25][26][27][28]30,[32][33][34][35] on their blends with fossil aviation fuel properties. Some of the publications [14,15,20,[30][31][32] reveal the effects of chemical composition on jet fuel performance characteristics.…”

“…Some of the publications [14,15,20,[30][31][32] reveal the effects of chemical composition on jet fuel performance characteristics. The arene content [14,16] seems to have a critical influence on its physicochemical properties. Bio-jet fuels possess satisfactory low-temperature fluidity [33]-low freezing point [16,20,22,30,31] (due to high content of iso-paraffins)-and viscosity [17,20,30].…”

“…The arene content [14,16] seems to have a critical influence on its physicochemical properties. Bio-jet fuels possess satisfactory low-temperature fluidity [33]-low freezing point [16,20,22,30,31] (due to high content of iso-paraffins)-and viscosity [17,20,30]. They are reported in the literature [14] to have favorable thermal stability but relatively poor oxidative stability due to the absence of heteroatom-containing compounds and oxidatively stable arenes.…”

“…They are reported in the literature [14] to have favorable thermal stability but relatively poor oxidative stability due to the absence of heteroatom-containing compounds and oxidatively stable arenes. The satisfactory combustion property [14,16] of SAFs is characterized by a higher smoke point and a higher specific energy [17,20,22,30] (due to the absence of arenes) in comparison to fossil aviation fuel. Their incompatibility [14] with current fueling systems is defined by seal material swell and low lubricity-lack of arenes and polar compounds.…”

“…Other properties like total acid number, water content, differential scanning calorimetry, surface tension [17], copper corrosion rating, and existent gum [31] are infrequently reported. Most of the references [16,17,22,31,33] describe some properties only for fossil fuels, or only for SAFs, and few references [14,30] report some of the target properties of fossil/SAF blends. Not a single reference that fully characterizes (as per all ASTM D1655 requirements) fossil/SAF blends can be found.…”