Synergy of blending HEFA with alternative petroleum fractions

Kittel, H.; Horský, J.; Šimáček, P.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2023.130390

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 21 publications

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“…For Case 7, for example, the processing of 10.9 t/h H-Oil naphtha leads to a decrease in consumption of lift steam by 1.8 t/h. Additional improvement in the utilization of H-Oil naphtha could be achieved in future studies directed to the use of specialized additives and co-processing of bio-components as discussed in [62][63][64][65][66][67][68].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Options for Ebullated Bed Vacuum Residue Hydrocracker Naphtha Utilization

Stratiev,

Shishkova,

Ivanov

et al. 2023

Processes

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The vacuum residue hydrocracker naphtha (VRHN) is a chemically unstable product that during storage changes its colour and forms sediments after two weeks. It cannot be directly exported from the refinery without improving its chemical stability. In this research, the hydrotreatment of H-Oil naphtha with straight run naphtha in a commercial hydrotreater, its co-processing with fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline in a commercial Prime-G+ post-treater, and its co-processing with vacuum gas oil (VGO) in a commercial FCC unit were discussed. The hydrotreatment improves the chemical stability of H-Oil naphtha and reduces its sulphur content to 3 ppm. The Prime-G+ co-hydrotreating increases the H-Oil naphtha blending research octane number (RON) by 6 points and motor octane number (MON) by 9 points. The FCC co-cracking with VGO enhances the blending RON by 11.5 points and blending MON by 17.6 points. H-Oil naphtha conversion to gaseous products (C1–C4 hydrocarbons) in the commercial FCC unit was found to be 50%. The use of ZSM 5 containing catalyst additive during processing H-Oil naphtha showed to lead to FCC gasoline blending octane enhancement by 2 points. This enabled an increment of low octane number naphtha in the commodity premium near zero sulphur automotive gasoline by 2.4 vol.% and substantial improvement of refinery margin. The processing of H-Oil naphtha in the FCC unit leads also to energy saving as a result of an equivalent lift steam substitution in the FCC riser.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Options for Ebullated Bed Vacuum Residue Hydrocracker Naphtha Utilization

Stratiev,

Shishkova,

Ivanov

et al. 2023

Processes

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Response optimisation of TiO2-supported bimetallic NiCo catalyst for the cracking and deoxygenation of waste cooking oil into jet-fuel range hydrocarbon fuels under non-hydrogen environment

Goh,

Chong,

Milano

et al. 2024

Energy

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Relation of the Content of Sustainable Components (HEFAs) in Blends with Hydrotreated Straight-Run Kerosene to the Properties of Aviation Fuel

Dinkov,

Stratiev,

Andreev

et al. 2024

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An expected increase in the demand for aviation transport service will result in the deterioration of the environment and human health, respectively, due to extra greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Concerns from EU institutions about the issue have led to legislation initiatives and, later, to development of Regulation (EU) 2023/2405 for the reduction of GHG emissions via the substitution of fossil kerosene with an increasing share of sustainable components. Hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFAs) are the most commercially acceptable sustainable alternative but their influence on aviation fuel properties needs to be further evaluated in terms of all required and extended properties, as per ASTM D1655. The main properties, together with the rarely reported upon existent gum, water separation, corrosion, and the electrical conductivity of HEFAs and their blends with fossil kerosene were quantitatively evaluated in this study. For every increase of 10% (v/v) of HEFAs, the following fuel properties improve: the freezing point decreases by 1.3 °C, the smoke point increases by an average of 3 mm, and the specific net energy increases by 0.08 MJ/kg. The acidity of HEFAs are an order of magnitude higher than that of conventional aviation fuel and, thus, close to the limit. The existent gum of the studied SAF is higher than that of fossil kerosene due to, most probably, the presence of non-evaporated residual material.

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Synergy of blending HEFA with alternative petroleum fractions

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Alternative Options for Ebullated Bed Vacuum Residue Hydrocracker Naphtha Utilization

Alternative Options for Ebullated Bed Vacuum Residue Hydrocracker Naphtha Utilization

Response optimisation of TiO2-supported bimetallic NiCo catalyst for the cracking and deoxygenation of waste cooking oil into jet-fuel range hydrocarbon fuels under non-hydrogen environment

Relation of the Content of Sustainable Components (HEFAs) in Blends with Hydrotreated Straight-Run Kerosene to the Properties of Aviation Fuel

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