Properties of mixed micelles of cationic gemini surfactants and nonionic surfactant triton X-100: Effects of the surfactant composition and the spacer length

Interaction Between Nonionic and Gemini (Cationic) Surfactants: Effect of Spacer Chain Length

“…Before micellization 12-2-12 monomers are in the trans conformation. While in the case of 12-4-12 and 12-6-12, they are in the cis conformation [15]. In the case of the trans conformation, the free energy of transfer for the surfactant monomer from the aqueous phase to the pseudo micellar phase is relatively lower as compared to the cis conformation case.…”

“…Initially, when a PEG-TMBPE \ 0.5, the reduction in the electrostatic repulsion induced by the addition of PEG-TMBPE would therefore reduce the CMC to a more significant extent. However, when a PEG-TMBPE C 0.5, the electrostatic repulsion is significantly lowered, and any further increase in PEG-TMBPE does not significantly affect micellization; this results in a slow decrease in CMC [15].…”

“…It is due to a more hydrophobic spacer for 12-6-12. However, when PEG-TMBPE is mixed with 12-6-12 and 12-4-12 some gemini molecules probably change their conformation from a cis position to a trans position, being affected by their hydrophobic interaction with hydrophobic chains of PEG-TMBPE molecules [15].…”

“…Decreased critical micelle concentration (CMC), high interfacial activity, altered micellar morphology as compared to unmixed surfactant alone, reduce the total amount of surfactant and hence the cost and environmental impact [13,14]. To get information on the extent of interaction between two surfactants in a micelle, regular solution theory has often been applied to calculate the molecular interaction parameter (b) from the CMC value of the surfactant mixture in aqueous solution [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

Effect of Inorganic Additives on a Conventional Anionic–Nonionic Mixed Surfactants System in Aqueous Solution

“…The abundant use of mixed surfactant mixtures is of great importance for industrial purposes as well as is a matter of curiosity for the researchers to understand both the theoretical and practical significance. Much investigation, articles, and research papers have been published on the solution properties of surfactant and mixed surfactants systems in the last three decades [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. A mixed surfactants system exhibits greater surface activity, i.e., lower critical micelle concentration (CMC) values, than that obtained with any of the individual components of the mixture at the same concentration.…”