Properties of Maximal Seizures, and Their Alteration by Anticonvulsant Drugs and Other Agents

Toman, James E. P.; Swinyard, Ewart A.; Goodman, Louis S.

doi:10.1152/jn.1946.9.3.231

Cited by 349 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Previously, Toman et al (7) reported that phenytoin at 100 mg / kg, s.c. showed a reduction of both the voltage and frequency of convulsive discharge induced by electroshock in rabbits. As for phenobarbital, there are many reports that this drug inhibited EEG seizures; high voltage rhythmic spike or sharp wave induced by maximal electroshock was inhibited by phenobarbital in rats (8), rabbits (7), and cats (7). Carbamazepine is also reported to inhibit rhythmic spike or spike and wave complex induced by maximal electroshock in rats (8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Various Antiepileptics on Behavioral and Electroencephalographic Seizures Induced by Maximal Electroshock in Mice

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The changes of electroencephalogram induced by maximal electroshock were studied in comparison with behavioral seizures in mice. After electroshock, mice showed tonic flexor (TF) seizure, tonic extensor (TE) seizure, and clonic (CL) seizure, in this order of occurrence. At the same time, high frequency spike or spike and wave complex in the cortex was observed, and thereafter, the frequency of the spike or spike and wave complex gradually fell. The antiepileptics used in the present study, except for ethosuximide, caused a dose-dependent shortening of the TE seizure duration. In addition, phenobarbital and carbamazepine at relatively high doses also showed a significant shortening of the duration of CL seizure. Although the duration of total electroencephalographic (EEG) seizures was not influenced by all the antiepileptics used in the present study, the duration of high frequency spike or spike and wave complex observed for 7 -8 s after electroshock was dose-dependently shortened by all the antiepileptics used. From these findings, it may be concluded that high frequency spike or spike and wave complex induced by maximal electroshock is a useful index to assess antiepileptics that are effective in not only tonic-clonic seizures but also absence seizures in humans.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Various Antiepileptics on Behavioral and Electroencephalographic Seizures Induced by Maximal Electroshock in Mice

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, it seems likely that CL seizure after electroshock is not true CL seizure. Toman et al 22) reported that CL seizure induced by electroshock is characterized by one or more extensor thrusts followed by complete relaxation. In contrast to this, wild running and repetitious spasm of the hind legs were continuously observed with pentetrazol-induced CL seizure; i.e., true CL seizure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonists on Maximal Electroshock Seizure in Infant Rats

Ishikawa

Takechi

Rahman

et al. 2007

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The influences of histamine H 1 receptor antagonists on maximal electroshock seizure were studied using infant rats. In this study, electroconvulsion was induced by stimulating rats using ear-clip electrodes, and the durations of electroencephalogram (EEG) seizure, tonic extensor (TE) seizure and clonic (CL) seizure induced by maximal electroshock were measured. Diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine, cyproheptadine and ketotifen caused a dose-dependent and significant prolongation of both EEG seizure and TE seizure induced by maximal electroshock. On the other hand, epinastine and fexofenadine caused no such effects, even at a dose of 50 mg/kg. All drugs used in this study showed no significant effect on CL seizure induced by maximal electroshock. From these findings, it is suggested that epinastine and fexofenadine may cause no harmful influence on epilepsy, even when used in a little child.

show abstract

“…Therefore, starting drug administration at a young age is favored, but the other report indicated that it was impossible to inject PHT into younger nursing rats because of the strong depression on the central nervous system (20). Thus we gradually raised the dose in this study to prevent the lethal toxicity (16,20,30,31). As judged by the body and tissue weight and size of the animals, the rats treated with PHT did not show any disturbance of growth during the experimental period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of Rat Model of Drug-Induced Gingival Overgrowth Induced by Continuous Administration of Phenytoin

Tamamori¹,

Tamura²,

Yamazaki³

et al. 2005

J Pharmacol Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. It is well-known that the anticonvulsant drug, phenytoin (PHT), induces gingival overgrowth as a side effect. The mechanism of PHT-induced gingival overgrowth, however, is not well understood. One reason for this is the lack of an adequate animal model for the PHT-induced gingival overgrowth. The purpose of this study was to establish a rat model of the drug-induced gingival overgrowth. Fourteen-day-old rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (5 rats / group). The control rats received only the vehicle. The rats in the experimental group were injected with 50 mg / kg per day (group L) and 100 mg / kg per day (group H) of PHT. They received a subcutaneous injection of vehicle or PHT twice a day for 42 days. A charge-coupled device (CCD) laser displacement sensor was used for measurement of the severity of gingival overgrowth of the mandibles. There was no significant difference in the growth of rats between the PHT-injected and the control groups. The CCD laser displacement sensor can measure minute changes in the gingival overgrowth in rats, and a significant extension of the buccal gingiva was observed in groups L and H. Using the CCD sensor, it is possible to quantify the change in the gingiva under precise control of the PHT dose.

show abstract

Properties of Maximal Seizures, and Their Alteration by Anticonvulsant Drugs and Other Agents

Cited by 349 publications

References 11 publications

Effects of Various Antiepileptics on Behavioral and Electroencephalographic Seizures Induced by Maximal Electroshock in Mice

Effects of Various Antiepileptics on Behavioral and Electroencephalographic Seizures Induced by Maximal Electroshock in Mice

Influences of Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonists on Maximal Electroshock Seizure in Infant Rats

Establishment of Rat Model of Drug-Induced Gingival Overgrowth Induced by Continuous Administration of Phenytoin

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About