Properties of co-extruded nanoclay-filled aliphatic nylon (PA6)/linear low-density polyethylene and aromatic nylon (MXD6)/ linear low-density polyethylene multilayer films
Abstract:In this study, coextruded multilayer films with aliphatic (polyamide 6) and aromatic (poly (m-xylene adipamide)) nylons as well as their in-situ polymerized nanocomposites with 4 wt% nanoclay, as an oxygen barrier layer (core), and a linear low-density polyethylene, as a moisture barrier layer (skin), were produced and characterized. Five-layer films were prepared by cast coextrusion and rapidly cooled using an air knife. Dynamic rheological measurements showed that the selected materials can be coextruded wit… Show more
“…In literature, this well-separated (or randomly dispersed) clay nanolayers in a matrix is called an exfoliated nanocomposite structure. 17–19 Figure 1.XRD patterns: (a) nanoclay, (b) unfilled biopolymer film, and biopolymer filled with (c) 1 wt.%, (d) 2 wt.%, (e) 3 wt.%, (f) 5 wt.%, (g) 7 wt.% and (h) 10 wt.% nanoclay content.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This ordered clay nanolayer arrangement in a matrix is called an intercalated nanocomposite structure. 17–19 The XRD result shows the nanocomposites and its structure (exfoliated or intercalated) depending on the nanoclay concentration in the polymer matrix. At lower clay content, exfoliated nanocomposite structures were observed whereas at higher nanoclay (>2 wt.%) content intercalated nanocomposite structure was observed.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Considerable studies on MMT addition in polymer matrix were carried out during the past 15 years. 17–19 The surface modification and incorporation of MMT clays in a polymer matrix resulted in ∼2-fold increased modulus, barrier properties and thermo-mechanical properties. 20–22 Recent studies that incorporate MMT clays in biopolymers resulted in multi-fold improved thermal, mechanical and physical properties.…”
The objective of this work is to study the effect of nanoclay fillers on the biodegradation and barrier properties of corn starch polymer-based biofilm. Starch derived from corn plant source was used to prepare a biofilm by plasticization method. The barrier properties, namely, water absorption, moisture permeation, oxygen permeation and swelling of unfilled and nanoclay-filled corn starch biofilms were examined. The results indicate: ∼22% reduced water absorption, 40% reduced moisture uptake, 30% reduced oxygen permeation and 31% reduced swelling for 2–3 wt.% nanoclay-filled biofilm, when compared with unfilled biopolymer. The biodegradation result of unfilled and nanoclay-filled film series indicates that the nanoclay addition delays the biodegradation and is a function of nanoclay content in the film. The tensile, dynamic mechanical analysis and biodegradable studies were conducted on the biopolymers before and after water absorption, and the result shows that the nanoclay-filled biopolymer increased these properties when compared with unfilled biopolymer even after water absorption and is dependent on the nanocomposite structure and morphology as examined by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analysis.
“…In literature, this well-separated (or randomly dispersed) clay nanolayers in a matrix is called an exfoliated nanocomposite structure. 17–19 Figure 1.XRD patterns: (a) nanoclay, (b) unfilled biopolymer film, and biopolymer filled with (c) 1 wt.%, (d) 2 wt.%, (e) 3 wt.%, (f) 5 wt.%, (g) 7 wt.% and (h) 10 wt.% nanoclay content.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This ordered clay nanolayer arrangement in a matrix is called an intercalated nanocomposite structure. 17–19 The XRD result shows the nanocomposites and its structure (exfoliated or intercalated) depending on the nanoclay concentration in the polymer matrix. At lower clay content, exfoliated nanocomposite structures were observed whereas at higher nanoclay (>2 wt.%) content intercalated nanocomposite structure was observed.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Considerable studies on MMT addition in polymer matrix were carried out during the past 15 years. 17–19 The surface modification and incorporation of MMT clays in a polymer matrix resulted in ∼2-fold increased modulus, barrier properties and thermo-mechanical properties. 20–22 Recent studies that incorporate MMT clays in biopolymers resulted in multi-fold improved thermal, mechanical and physical properties.…”
The objective of this work is to study the effect of nanoclay fillers on the biodegradation and barrier properties of corn starch polymer-based biofilm. Starch derived from corn plant source was used to prepare a biofilm by plasticization method. The barrier properties, namely, water absorption, moisture permeation, oxygen permeation and swelling of unfilled and nanoclay-filled corn starch biofilms were examined. The results indicate: ∼22% reduced water absorption, 40% reduced moisture uptake, 30% reduced oxygen permeation and 31% reduced swelling for 2–3 wt.% nanoclay-filled biofilm, when compared with unfilled biopolymer. The biodegradation result of unfilled and nanoclay-filled film series indicates that the nanoclay addition delays the biodegradation and is a function of nanoclay content in the film. The tensile, dynamic mechanical analysis and biodegradable studies were conducted on the biopolymers before and after water absorption, and the result shows that the nanoclay-filled biopolymer increased these properties when compared with unfilled biopolymer even after water absorption and is dependent on the nanocomposite structure and morphology as examined by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analysis.
“…10,11 Therefore, it can be seen that, besides dispersion, controlling nanoclay orientation is critical to the nal nanocomposites properties. 12 Recently layer by layer (LbL) coating has emerged as a new method to produce much thinner nanocomposite coatings with high oxygen barrier properties, 13,14 since the lack of clay exfoliation and its aggregation, hinder the use of clay with conventional processes, e.g. extrusion.…”
Quantify clay orientation in a layer by layer deposited films. Demonstrate the importance of interfacial region in a high clay loading nanocomposite film, in decreasing permeability.
“…Significant progress has been made in analyzing the manifold relationships among system composition, processability, and morphology of polyamide–silicate nanocomposites . In particular, it was evidenced that the obtained properties improvement is strictly related to the adopted production technology and processing conditions , but despite the wide scientific literature devoted to the polyamide‐based nanocomposites, few investigations were carried out on multilayer systems for flexible film packaging applications . In this regard, it is worthy to point out that a monolayer polymer film—displaying a particular set of properties—may not display the same performances when that material is used as a layer in a coextruded structure because the layering process affects the system morphology (polymer orientation, bulk and interface crystallinity, etc.…”
Despite the great potentialities of nanotechnology for food packaging applications, there are still a number of important issues to consider, mainly regarding the safety concerns and the industrial scale-up. A feasible solution to overcome the problem of possible nanoparticles migration can be the use of a functional barrier between the nanomaterial and the food. In this work, multilayer packaging films, incorporating a layered silicate/polyamide nanocomposite (as oxygen barrier layer) and lowdensity polyethylene (as moisture resistant and sealable layer) in direct contact with food, were produced by a lab-scale blown co-extrusion equipment using different processing conditions and film layouts, to determine the key parameters for performance improvement and to assess their potential applicability on an industrial scale. In particular, a copolyamide 6,66 was used as polymer matrix and two organomodified layered silicates (Cloisite 30B and Dellite 43B) were selected as nanofillers. The results demonstrated the potential technological interest of the proposed packaging solutions in terms of increased performances and ecofriendliness because all the multilayer hybrid films, particularly the ones filled with Cloisite 30B, display significant improvements in barrier and mechanical properties not only with respect to the corresponding unfilled systems, but also compared to similar PA/PE commercial films. The observed increments, up to 60% for oxygen barrier and 55% for stiffness, are more relevant in the case of the films with the thinner nanocomposite layer. Moreover, no detectable changes in film ductility, optical properties, and overall migration behavior were measured as consequence of nanofiller addition. POLYM. COMPOS., 00:000-000, overall migration behavior were measured as consequence of nanofiller addition. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:3157-3167, 2018.
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