Properties of CdS thin films grown by CBD as a function of thiourea concentration

Influence of thiourea concentration during deposition of a CdS buffer layer on the electric properties of Cu2SnS3 solar cells

“…Figure 3(c) shows the estimated thickness of the CdS films, obtained from the cross-sectional FE-SEM images, and the S/Cd composition ratio of the CdS films on the glass substrate, measured using EDS. The thickness of the CdS films continuously increased from approximately 55 nm to 110 nm with increasing TU concentration, despite the constant deposition time [35]. Similarly, the S/Cd ratio increased with increasing TU concentration, which is in good agreement with previously reported results [36].…”

Cadmium sulfide thin films growth by chemical bath deposition

“…The variation of the growth rate has been reported and studied extensively by several authors as a function of different deposition parameters such as: bath temperature [22] , deposition time [22] , pH of the solution [23] and thiourea [24] or cadmium concentrations [25] . The shape of this variation is an intrinsic characteristic of the CBD technique, contrary to the other deposition techniques of thin films [17] .…”

Regulating deposition kinetics via a novel additive-assisted chemical bath deposition technology enables fabrication of 10.57%-efficiency Sb2Se3 solar cells

“…Among the above methods, CBD has been demonstrated to be a successful technology capable of creating high-quality semiconductor thin films for both laboratory and industrial applications. 28,29 The reactions in CBD take place in solution under mild conditions, allowing for better control of the reaction rate and nucleation process. The dissolved reactants involved in CBD, on the other hand, are ionic rather than atomic, which aids in the formation of a relatively smooth and uniform film morphology.…”