Properties of Carbides, Nitrides, and Borides: Implications for Catalysis

Levy, Ricardo B.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-147450-8.50009-5

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Iron-group metals (Co, Fe, Ni) and Mo form interstitial borides, carbides, nitrides and sulfides, as well as mixed compounds such as carbonitrides and oxycarbides (Levy, 1977), some having unique activityselectivity properties in FTS (Anderson, 1984;Bartholomew, 1991). The most important of these interstitial compounds are the carbides and oxycarbides of Fe, formed during typical FTS pretreatment and reaction conditions, which produce a typical product slate.…”

Section: Co and Fe Catalysts: Catalyst Activity-structure Relationshimentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Production and Synthesis Gas Reactions

Bartholomew

Farrauto²

2005

Fundamentals of Industrial Catalytic Processes

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Section: Co and Fe Catalysts: Catalyst Activity-structure Relationshimentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Production and Synthesis Gas Reactions

Bartholomew

Farrauto²

2005

Fundamentals of Industrial Catalytic Processes

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“…Carbides and nitrides of Zr and Hf were previously reviewed together with other transition metals in monographs by Goldschmidt [20] and Storms in 1967 [21], Toth in 1971 [22], Pierson in 1996 [23], and in a collection of papers edited by Freer in 1990 [24], Samsonov in 1995 [25], Oyama in 1996 [26], Gogotsi and Andrievski in 1999 [27]. Catalytic properties were reviewed by Levy in 1977 [28] and by Ham and Lee in 2009 [29]. Monograph by Turchanins 1991 [30] presented in details 20-year of original experimental work on the thermodynamics of refractory carbides and carbonitrides, some of which were previously published in English [31,32,33,34], but the monograph is only available in Russian.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbides and Nitrides of Zirconium and Hafnium

et al. 2019

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Among transition metal carbides and nitrides, zirconium, and hafnium compounds are the most stable and have the highest melting temperatures. Here we review published data on phases and phase equilibria in Hf-Zr-C-N-O system, from experiment and ab initio computations with focus on rocksalt Zr and Hf carbides and nitrides, their solid solutions and oxygen solubility limits. The systematic experimental studies on phase equilibria and thermodynamics were performed mainly 40–60 years ago, mostly for binary systems of Zr and Hf with C and N. Since then, synthesis of several oxynitrides was reported in the fluorite-derivative type of structures, of orthorhombic and cubic higher nitrides Zr3N4 and Hf3N4. An ever-increasing stream of data is provided by ab initio computations, and one of the testable predictions is that the rocksalt HfC0.75N0.22 phase would have the highest known melting temperature. Experimental data on melting temperatures of hafnium carbonitrides are absent, but minimum in heat capacity and maximum in hardness were reported for Hf(C,N) solid solutions. New methods, such as electrical pulse heating and laser melting, can fill the gaps in experimental data and validate ab initio predictions.

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“…The possibility of metal borides for HDS upgrading of oil has been suggested in the literature; their refractory nature, reported resistance to sulfur poisoning, and known desulfurization ability in organic synthesis make metal borides potentially desirable catalysts. The few HDS experiments reported with metal borides, however, do not provide quantitative activity measurements, analysis of the active HDS phase, or thorough characterization of both the new and used catalyst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Possibility of Metal Borides for Hydrodesulfurization

Skrabalak

Suslick

2006

Chem. Mater.

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We have explored cobalt and nickel boride-based catalysts for the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of thiophene and evaluate their overall catalytic activity, mode of desulfurization, and stability to sulfo-reductive reaction conditions. While the prepared cobalt and nickel borides promote hydrodesulfurization, flow-reactor studies measuring the catalytic activity show that, in actuality, these materials are unstable with respect to the metal sulfides under HDS conditions. In fact, the observed catalytic HDS results from the conversion of the metal boride, and any impurity oxides, to the corresponding metal sulfide. These results include confirmation from characterization of the used catalysts by EDX, powder XRD, and elemental analysis.

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Properties of Carbides, Nitrides, and Borides: Implications for Catalysis

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

Hydrogen Production and Synthesis Gas Reactions

Hydrogen Production and Synthesis Gas Reactions

Carbides and Nitrides of Zirconium and Hafnium

On the Possibility of Metal Borides for Hydrodesulfurization

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