Properties of Aleutian disease virus assayed with feline kidney cells

Abstract

Properties of Aleutian disease virus (ADV) were studied using feline kidney cells, line CRFK, to assay virus by the induction of nuclear antigen. ADV nuclear antigen was detected by immunofluorescent staining. Titers of virus obtained from mink spleens at 10-8 days after infection were usually between 10(3) and 10(5) infectious units per gram of spleen. ADV was purified by fluorocarbon extraction, differential centrifugation, biogel A-15 chromatography and CsCl equilibrium centrifugation. The molecular weight of the virus was estimated to be 3-5 X 10(5) daltons. The density of antigen-inducing virus in equilibrium CsCl gradients was 1.32--1.34 g/cm3. On velocity sucrose gradients, antigen-inducing virus had a sedimentation coefficient of approximately 110S. The virus was not neutralized by sera from chronically infected mink and ferrets and by sera from experimentally infected mink. ADV was resistant to ionic and nonionic detergents and lipid solvents. The titer of partially purified virus was reduced as much as 700-fold by proteolytic enzymes but not by DNase or RNase. The virus was inactivated slowly at 56 degrees C; the initial half-life was 90 minutes. It is concluded that the properties of ADV can be determined by assay in CRFK cells, thus facilitating virological study of the disease.

Amdoparvoviruses in small mammals: expanding our understanding of parvovirus diversity, distribution, and pathology

“…The first scientific evidence of an infectious cause was the demonstration that suspensions of infected mink organs retained their infectivity after filtration, indicating the causative agent was likely viral ( Karstad and Pridham, 1962 ). The virus was subsequently isolated using feline kidney cell lines and it was concluded that it possessed the distinctive properties of a parvovirus ( Hahn et al, 1977 ; Porter et al, 1977 ). The complete genome was sequenced in 1988 ( Bloom et al, 1988 ).…”

“…All bodily fluids (blood, saliva, feces, and urine) can contain viruses and transmission via direct or indirect (contaminated feed, water, or environment) contacts are both possible ( Kenyon et al, 1963 ; Gorham et al, 1964 ; Pennick et al, 2005 ; Shao et al, 2014 ). Virions are highly resistant in the environment and can survive high temperatures and chemical treatments ( Eklund et al, 1968 ; Hahn et al, 1977 ; Porter et al, 1977 ). This stability makes the virus difficult to eliminate from contaminated surfaces and facilitates viral spreading in the wild, and within and between farms ( Prieto et al, 2014 ).…”

Nucleotide sequence analysis of Aleutian mink disease parvovirus shows that multiple virus types are present in infected mink

“…+, the restriction enzyme site is present in the sequence; -, the restriction enzyme site is not present in the sequence. (2,16,17,27,38,40) but not to grow productively in CRFK cells (16,28,29,39). Recently, the complete nucleotide sequences of the cell culture-adapted ADV G isolate and the central region of the highly virulent Utah I isolate were reported (12,13).…”

Autoimmunity in Aleutian disease: contribution of antiviral and anti-DNA antibody to hypergammaglobulinemia

“…A characteristic of AD that may contribute to the persistence of the virus is that antiviral antibody is nonneutralizing (18). This phenomenon appears to be a property of the virus and not the host, since antiviral antibody from other infected species also fails to neutralize (9).…”