Properties of a Gas-Generating Composition Related to the Particle Size of the Oxidizer

Engelen, Kurt; Lefebvre, M.; Hubin, Annick

doi:10.1002/1521-4087(200211)27:5<290::aid-prep290>3.0.co;2-4

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Among the three factors, more contributory factors are considered to arise from oxidiser AP and that is mainly from ground oxidiser. Further, the finer particles in ground oxidiser greatly influence the burn rate of the propellant than coarser one in ground oxidiser [7][8] . Further, ballistic properties are also affected by particle shape.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size and Shape of Ammonium Perchlorate and their Influence on Properties of Composite Propellant

Jain¹,

Mehilal²,

Nandagopal³

et al. 2009

DSJ

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size and Shape of Ammonium Perchlorate and their Influence on Properties of Composite Propellant

Jain¹,

Mehilal²,

Nandagopal³

et al. 2009

DSJ

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“…It is important to know the form of KNO 3 or other nitrates in the atmosphere as different phases can exhibit different physical and chemical properties (Wu & Chan, 2008). KNO 3 is also an important ingredient in explosives and propellants (Engelen et al, 2002) and shows promise as a material for random access memory (RAM) devices (Kumar & Nath, 2003). In addition, one of the polymorphs of KNO 3 , phase III, exhibits ferroelectric properties (Chen & Chernow, 1967).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and single-crystal refinement of phase-III potassium nitrate, KNO₃

Freney

Garvie

Groy

et al. 2009

Acta Crystallogr Sect B

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Oriented single crystals of the high-temperature phase of KNO(3) (phase III), a ferroelectric compound that may also occur as an atmospheric aerosol particle, were grown at room temperature and pressure by atomizing a solution of KNO(3) in water and allowing droplets to dry on a glass substrate. The crystals are up to 1 mm across and are stable unless mechanically disturbed. There is no evidence of the spontaneous transformation of phase III to the room-temperature stable phase (phase II), even after several months. Single-crystal structure determinations of phase III were obtained at 295 and 123 K. The unit cell regained its room-temperature dimensions after warming from 123 K. The phase-III KNO(3) structure can be viewed as the stacking parallel to the c axis of alternating K atoms and planar NO(3) groups. The NO(3) groups connect the planes of K atoms, where each O is fourfold coordinated to one N and three K. Each K atom has nine O nearest neighbors, with three bonds at 2.813 and six at 2.9092 A. The interatomic K-N-K distance alternates from 5.051 to 3.941 along the c axis. The N-O distances increase from 1.245 (2) A at 295 K to 1.2533 (15) A at 123 K. The nitrate group has a slight non-planarity, with the N atoms 0.011 A above the O plane and directed toward the more distant K of the K-N-K chain.

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“…Engelen and Lefebvre have investigated NGu/KNO 3 (55/45) as a propellant system [16–19]. The NGu applied in this study was needle‐like low bulk density NGu (2×2×20–25 μm).…”

Section: Combustion and Deflagrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insensitive High Explosives: V. Ballistic Properties and Vulnerability of Nitroguanidine Based Propellants

Koch¹

2021

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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This paper reviews the ballistic properties, stability and vulnerability of gun propellants, gas generators and rocket propellants containing nitroguanidine (NGu), CAS−No [556‐88‐7] as an energetic filler. Nitroguanidine and its formulations burn stable over a broad pressure regime extending from subatmospheric to high pressures (0.1 kPa–400 MPa). Its high nitrogen content (53.83 %) and oxygen balance (Ω=‐30.75 %) effects a high gas pressure in gun propellants combined with low explosion temperature and consequently low signature and reduced erosion. NGu is an effective stabilizer for a broad array of energetic materials encountered in gun and rocket propellants including AP, ADN, HMX, RDX, NGl and also materials with low thermal stability such as NC, HNF, TNAZ and ADN. Finally, the low vulnerability of NGu‐based propellant formulations makes them taylor made to serve insensitive munitions. This review covers 31 NGu‐based rocket and gas generating propellant formulations, 44 gun propellants, five of which contain guanylurea dinitramide, (GuDN, FOX‐12), CAS−No [217464‐38‐5] for comparison, four reference propellants containing neither of the aforementioned ingredients and six combustible cartridge case formulations based on NGu. In addition, the combustion properties of pure NGu, pure GUDN and NGu modified with 17 different catalysts are revised. The review contains 142 references from the public domain.

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Properties of a Gas-Generating Composition Related to the Particle Size of the Oxidizer

Cited by 14 publications

References 2 publications

Size and Shape of Ammonium Perchlorate and their Influence on Properties of Composite Propellant

Size and Shape of Ammonium Perchlorate and their Influence on Properties of Composite Propellant

Growth and single-crystal refinement of phase-III potassium nitrate, KNO₃

Insensitive High Explosives: V. Ballistic Properties and Vulnerability of Nitroguanidine Based Propellants

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Properties of a Gas-Generating Composition Related to the Particle Size of the Oxidizer

Cited by 14 publications

References 2 publications

Size and Shape of Ammonium Perchlorate and their Influence on Properties of Composite Propellant

Size and Shape of Ammonium Perchlorate and their Influence on Properties of Composite Propellant

Growth and single-crystal refinement of phase-III potassium nitrate, KNO3

Insensitive High Explosives: V. Ballistic Properties and Vulnerability of Nitroguanidine Based Propellants

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Growth and single-crystal refinement of phase-III potassium nitrate, KNO₃