Size and Shape of Ammonium Perchlorate and their Influence on Properties of Composite Propellant

Jain, Sudhir R.; Mehilal,; Nandagopal, S.; Singh, Praveen; Radhakrishnan, K. K.; Bhattacharya, B.

doi:10.14429/dsj.59.1523

Cited by 65 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Sedangkan kecepatan pembakaran tergantung pada karakteristik partikel oksidator, katalis laju pembakaran, dan fuel metal. Dari ketiga komponen tersebut, AP yang berperan sebagai oksidator merupakan komponen dengan kontribusi terbesar, karena kandungannya dalam propelan komposit berkisar 60%-80%, sedangkan senyawa pembentuk lain terdiri dari fuel binder (10%-15%), dan fuel metal (15%-20%) (Jain, 2009). Karakteristik partikel AP yang mempengaruhi kecepatan pembakaran propelan di antaranya bentuk dan ukuran partikel.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Kristalisasi Ammonium Perklorat (Ap) Dengan Sistem Pendinginan Terkontrol Untuk Menghasilkan Kristal Berbentuk Bulat

Pinalia

2012

Jutekgan

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AP is the solid particles with the largest composition in compossite propellant, with fractions 60-80%. Rounded particles of AP indirectly gives better performance of propellant. Therefore we need experiment the crystallization process to produce rounded AP crystal. In this experiment, crystallization was conducted by using a controlled cooling system. Cooling is done through two stages and using a different coolant. The first stage of slow cooling using water (30°C), and continued rapid cooling with ethylene glycol (-27°C). These experiment generate 45.45 kg AP with a purity 99.67%, 40 mesh crystal size, crystal shape close to round, yield 39.71%. Keywords: Ammonium perchlorate, Crystallization, Rounded crystal ABSTRAKAP merupakan partikel solid pembentuk propelan komposit dengan komposisi terbesar, kandungannya dalam propelan berkisar 60-80%. Partikel AP berbentuk bulat secara tidak langsung memperbaiki unjuk kerja propelan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan percobaan proses kristalisasi AP untuk menghasilkan kristal berbentuk bulat. Pada percobaan ini kristalisasi dilakukan dengan metode sistem pendinginan terkontrol. Pendinginan dilakukan melalui dua tahap dan menggunakan coolant yang berbeda. Tahap pertama yaitu pendinginan lambat menggunakan air (30°C), dan dilanjutkan pendinginan cepat dengan ethylene glycol (-27°C). Percobaan ini menghasilkan AP sebanyak 45,45 kg dengan kemurnian AP 99,67%, ukuran kristal 40 Mesh, bentuk kristal mendekati bulat, rendemen yang dihasilkan 39,71%. Kata kunci: Ammonium perklorat; Kristalisasi; Kristal bulat PENDAHULUANAP merupakan oksidator workhorse pada propelan padat. Bersifat stabil, higroskopik, mampu memberikan performa yang tinggi, dan relatif mudah dalam penanganan (Sarner, 1966). Oleh karena itu, AP merupakan oksidator yang paling banyak digunakan dalam teknologi pembuatan propelan komposit.Kecepatan pembakaran propelan komposit merupakan faktor utama yang menentukan performa motor roket. Sedangkan kecepatan pembakaran tergantung pada karakteristik partikel oksidator, katalis laju pembakaran, dan fuel metal. Dari ketiga komponen tersebut, AP yang berperan sebagai oksidator merupakan komponen dengan kontribusi terbesar, karena kandungannya dalam propelan komposit berkisar 60%-80%, sedangkan senyawa pembentuk lain terdiri dari fuel binder (10%-15%), dan fuel metal (15%-20%) (Jain, 2009). Karakteristik partikel AP yang mempengaruhi kecepatan pembakaran propelan di antaranya bentuk dan ukuran partikel. Ukuran AP yang lebih halus akan lebih mampu meningkatkan kecepatan pembakaran dibandingkan ukuran AP yang

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Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Kristalisasi Ammonium Perklorat (Ap) Dengan Sistem Pendinginan Terkontrol Untuk Menghasilkan Kristal Berbentuk Bulat

Pinalia

2012

Jutekgan

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“…According to Tuzun (2005), the optimum specific impulse can be reached with 18% of aluminium powder in propellant composition [1]. Any modification potentially affects the rheological properties of propellant slurry [2], [3], [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…n-1 (4) n= m + 1 (5) Pseudoplasticity plays important roles in mixing and casting of propellany slurry. In mixing, the viscosity of slurry around an impeller changes with increase of speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudoplasticity of Propellant Slurry with Varied Aluminium Content for Castability Development

Restasari

Budi

Hartaya

2018

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Abstract. The modification of the percentage of aluminium is necessary to obtain certain specific impulse. But, it affects the pseudoplasticity of propellant in elapsed time that is important in casting. Therefore, this research attempts to investigate the pseudoplasticity of propellant slurry with varied aluminium contents and as time elapsed, the range of percentage of aluminium and time that allows propellant slurry to be well processed. The methods include measuring the viscosity of propellant slurries that contain 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18% of aluminium at varied shear rates until 40 minutes after mixing by using Brookfield viscometer. The graphs of viscosity versus shear rate were made to determine pseudoplasticity index. After that, the graph volume fraction versus pseudoplasticity index were made to be investigated. It is concluded that the more aluminium contents, the slurries with 6 to 12% aluminium contents exhibit more pseudoplastic behaviour, but the slurries with 12 to 16% aluminium exhibit less pseudoplastic. While, slurry of 18% aluminium exhibit high pseudoplasticity. In the correlation with the time, the slurry compositions of 6, 8, 14, 16% aluminium become more pseudoplastic as time elapsed. While, for compositions of 10, 12 and 18% aluminium, the trend becomes contrary. Based on the pseudoplasticity index, propellant slurries that contain 10 and 14% of aluminium are suitable for pressure casting. While for slurries with 6, 8 and 16% of aluminium are also suitable for vacuum casting. All of those suitability are possesed until 40 minutes after mixing. While, the composition of slurries that contain 12 and 18% of aluminium need to be modified to enhanced its castability.

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“…Studies have shown that the burning rate of propellant with mean particle diameter 3 m is more than double that of propellant with 110 m AP [4]. This approach is attractive despite practical limitations in reducing the particle size of AP [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energetic Nanocomposites as Burn Rate Catalyst for Composite Solid Propellants

Bagalkote

Grinstein

Natan

2017

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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In the present study the effect of addition of Al/Fe2O3 based energetic nanocomposites (ENC) to non‐aluminized and aluminized propellants was investigated. Comparative study was carried out using n‐Fe2O3 as burn rate catalyst. Ferric oxide xerogel and Al/Fe2O3 ENC were synthesized by sol‐gel method. The dried xerogel was characterised by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). TEM and SEM images reveal presence of porous interconnected ferric oxide clusters of size 3–5 nm and intimate mixing of the ingredients at nanoscale in case of ENC. XRD analysis shows amorphous nature of the ferric oxide xerogel. Fe2O3 and FeO(OH) are the major constituents (>84 %) of the xerogel as confirmed by XPS analysis. Thermal analysis of the ENC indicates that the composition is energetic in nature. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to assess the safety of the ENC during propellant processing. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results for propellant samples show that the Al/Fe2O3 ENC is a better catalyst for AP decomposition than n−Fe2O3. Burn rate studies of ENC catalyzed propellants with μ‐Al and with n‐Al were carried out using acoustic strand burner. The results indicate that ENCs can be promising catalysts for composite propellants.

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Size and Shape of Ammonium Perchlorate and their Influence on Properties of Composite Propellant

Cited by 65 publications

References 10 publications

Kristalisasi Ammonium Perklorat (Ap) Dengan Sistem Pendinginan Terkontrol Untuk Menghasilkan Kristal Berbentuk Bulat

Kristalisasi Ammonium Perklorat (Ap) Dengan Sistem Pendinginan Terkontrol Untuk Menghasilkan Kristal Berbentuk Bulat

Pseudoplasticity of Propellant Slurry with Varied Aluminium Content for Castability Development

Energetic Nanocomposites as Burn Rate Catalyst for Composite Solid Propellants

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