Properties of 3D-Printed Polymer Fiber-Reinforced Mortars: A Review

Liu, Jie; Lv, Chun

doi:10.3390/polym14071315

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…In recent decades, the fiber reinforcements of cement and geopolymer composites have mainly used traditional fibers [ 1 ]. Traditional fibers include metal fibers [ 2 , 3 ], inorganic fibers [ 4 , 5 ], and synthetic fibers [ 6 , 7 ]. The production of traditional metal fibers and inorganic fibers requires a large amount of resources and high cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkaline Degradation of Plant Fiber Reinforcements in Geopolymer: A Review

Liu

2023

Molecules

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Plant fibers (PFs), such as hemp, Coir, and straw, are abundant in resources, low in price, light weight, biodegradable, have good adhesion to the matrix, and have a broad prospect as reinforcements. However, the degradation of PFs in the alkaline matrix is one of the main factors that affects the durability of these composites. PFs have good compatibility with cement and the geopolymer matrix. They can induce gel growth of cement-based materials and have a good toughening effect. The water absorption of the hollow structure of the PF can accelerate the degradation of the fiber on the one hand and serve as the inner curing fiber for the continuous hydration of the base material on the other. PF is easily deteriorated in the alkaline matrix, which has a negative effect on composites. The classification and properties of PFs, the bonding mechanism of the interface between PF reinforcements and the matrix, the water absorption of PF, and its compatibility with the matrix were summarized. The degradation of PFs in the alkaline matrix and solution, drying and wetting cycle conditions, and high-temperature conditions were reviewed. Finally, some paths to improve the alkaline degradation of PF reinforcement in the alkaline matrix were proposed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkaline Degradation of Plant Fiber Reinforcements in Geopolymer: A Review

Liu

2023

Molecules

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“…In spite of shortening breakage elongation, the highly stretched alginate fiber exhibits a high toughness of 54.2 MJ/m 3 , much higher than that the 12.7 MJ/m 3 of weakly stretched fibers. Compared with the usual synthetic and benchmark spider fibers, our alginate fiber has a favorable combination of strength and stiffness and behaves as a good candidate of structural materials. ,,− The best achieved mechanical properties of alginate fibers are stronger and stiffer than other reported regenerated fibers, such as previous alginate and chitosan fibers, and stiffer than some usual synthetic fibers (e.g., polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) fibers) and benchmark natural spider fibers (Figure d). Moreover, alginate fibers can be completely degraded by alginate lyase in 72 h at 40 °C and 65% humidity, exhibiting good controllable degradability (Figure S11).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…(c) Mechanical parameters of alginate fibers at SR ranging from 1 to 5. (d) Comparison of tensile strength and Young’s modulus of alginate fibers with those of natural, synthetic, and regenerated fibers reported in the literature. ,,− …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superior Strong and Stiff Alginate Fibers by Entanglement-Enhanced Stretching

Han

Hao

et al. 2023

Macromolecules

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The current environment crisis has forced a compelling trend of rapidly expanding degradable biomass polymers to take over petrochemical polymers. Exploiting new high-performance biomass materials has become urgent but is greatly challenging. Here, we develop a series of high-performance alginate fibers by a new entanglement-enhanced stretching strategy and examine its mechanism. The high stretch ratio exerted during spinning facilitates high structural orders and crystallinity of fibers, which exhibit a high modulus of 50.4 GPa and superior tensile strength of 1.05 GPa, outperforming most regenerated biomass fibers. Shear and extensional rheology shows that ultrahigh-molecular weight polyelectrolytes with high flexibility increase the entanglement density and extensional relaxation time of the spinning solution. Tensile tests of gel filaments formed during sequential coagulation demonstrate that gels with ultrahigh-molecular weight polyelectrolytes in the range of 3−9 wt % exhibit high strength and elongation at break due to the higher entanglement density and hindrance of cross-link formation, which is consistent with the maximum stretch ratio that can be exerted to the filament during wet spinning. This strategy of introducing "inert" polymer additives with ultrahigh molecular weight can also be adopted to fabricate alginate industrial filaments to compete with synthetic polymer staple filaments and other biomass fibers with upgrading strength to extend the source of high-performance biomaterials.

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“…Nowadays, Fiber-reinforced cement-based composites are increasingly widely used [ 1 ]. However, the preparation of cement-based materials requires a large amount of energy, which does not meet the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection [ 2 , 3 ]. Geopolymer has many advantages and broad application prospects, and is considered as the most potential cementitious material to replace cement [ 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mechanical Properties of Plant Fiber-Reinforced Geopolymers: A Review

Liu

Guo

et al. 2022

Polymers

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Both geopolymer and plant fiber (PF) meet the requirements of sustainable development. Geopolymers have the advantages of simple preparation process, conservation and environmental protection, high early strength, wide source of raw materials, and low cost. They have broad application prospects and are considered as the most potential cementitious materials to replace cement. However, due to the ceramic-like shape and brittleness of geopolymers, their flexural strength and tensile strength are poor, and they are sensitive to microcracks. In order to solve the brittleness problem of geopolymers, the toughness of composites can be improved by adding fibers. Adding fibers to geopolymers can limit the growth of cracks and enhance the ductility, toughness and tensile strength of geopolymers. PF is a good natural polymer material, with the advantages of low density, high aspect ratio. It is not only cheap, easy to obtain, abundant sources, but also can be repeatedly processed and biodegradable. PF has high strength and low hardness, which can improve the toughness of composites. Nowadays, the research and engineering application of plant fiber-reinforced geopolymers (PFRGs) are more and more extensive. In this paper, the recent studies on mechanical properties of PFRGs were reviewed. The characteristics of plant fibers and the composition, structure and properties of geopolymers were reviewed. The compatibility of geopolymer material and plant fiber and the degradation of fiber in the substrate were analyzed. From the perspective of the effect of plant fibers on the compression, tensile and bending properties of geopolymer, the reinforcing mechanism of plant fibers on geopolymer was analyzed. Meanwhile, the effect of PF pretreatment on the mechanical properties of the PFRGs was analyzed. Through the comprehensive analysis of PFFRGs, the limitations and recommendations of PFFRG are put forward.

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Properties of 3D-Printed Polymer Fiber-Reinforced Mortars: A Review

Cited by 22 publications

References 93 publications

Alkaline Degradation of Plant Fiber Reinforcements in Geopolymer: A Review

Alkaline Degradation of Plant Fiber Reinforcements in Geopolymer: A Review

Superior Strong and Stiff Alginate Fibers by Entanglement-Enhanced Stretching

The Mechanical Properties of Plant Fiber-Reinforced Geopolymers: A Review

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