Properties, mechanism and applications of diamond as an antibacterial material

Abstract

antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a current threat causing an increasing number of infections of difficult clinical management. While the overuse and misuse of antibiotics are investigated to reduce them, the need for alternatives to approaches is rising. carbon-based materials shown recent moderate to high antibacterial properties and diamond, thanks to its superior mechanical, tribological, electrical, chemical and biological quality is a choice material to investigate for safe antibacterial films, coatings and particles. here, the antibacterial properties of diamond films, nanodiamonds, Dlc films and a comprehensive list of the composites developed from them are discussed along with a summary of the bacterial strains used and the most efficient composition and/or concentration discovered. in a later stage, the mechanisms of action and the parameters that are believed to influence them are discussed and finally, an overview of the biomedical and food industry applications is given.

Nanotheranostics to target antibiotic-resistant bacteria: Strategies and applications

“…NDs were found to prevent E. coli and S. aureus biofilm formation [183]. Furthermore, surface-functionalized NDs are far more effective in antimicrobial activities against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria [183,184].…”

Key Challenges in Diamond Coating of Titanium Implants: Current Status and Future Prospects

“…Direct deposition and integration of nanodiamonds [ 92 ] or of polycrystalline diamond coatings [ 61 , 93 , 94 ] onto the surfaces of 3D pre-formed architectures have been found to enhance the interaction of osteoblasts with the Ti surfaces and, moreover, to inhibit bacterial colonization of subcutaneous implants [ 95 , 96 ].…”

Antifungal behavior of silicon‐incorporated diamond‐like carbon by tuning surface hydrophobicity with plasma treatment

“…Among these materials, diamond‐like carbon (DLC), an amorphous material composed of sp 3 ‐ and sp 2 ‐hybridized carbon, 3 has been widely studied for biomedical devices to extend the lifespan of implants and to improve the efficacy of regenerative treatments 4,5 . The excellent mechanical and tribological properties, 6 chemical inertness, 7 biocompatibility, 8 and antimicrobial capability 9 of DLC are ideal for medical instrumentation and implantable devices, such as medical wire and needles, 10 blood pumps, 11 heart valves, 12 and joint prostheses 13 . Additionally, the relatively low deposition temperature compared with the deposition of crystalline diamond makes DLC suitable for various substrate materials.…”

“…Among Candida species, Candida albicans was the most commonly found fungal pathogen, although it was also found as commensal fungus in the gastrointestinal tract and oral cavity 5 . In previous studies, the dependence of antimicrobial properties on the surface hydrophobicity of carbon‐based materials was reported 9 . However, the antifungal properties of plasma‐treated Si‐DLC have not been evaluated.…”

“…5 In previous studies, the dependence of antimicrobial properties on the surface hydrophobicity of carbon-based materials was reported. 9 However, the antifungal properties of plasma-treated Si-DLC have not been evaluated. In this study, the goal was to investigate the influence of different surface termination and hydrophobicity of Si-DLC coatings on antifungal properties.…”