Properties and Effects of Metals

Donkin, Steven G.; Ohlson, D. L.; Teaf, Christopher M.

doi:10.1002/0471231800.ch14

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The present study showed that 3 of the 30 analyzed formulations (one product containing vitamins, one product containing minerals, and one product of animal origin) were contaminated with Ni above the MAL (from 105% to 1356%; Table 4). Furthermore, although Cr is an essential element, it is well known that it can also be toxic, depending on the level of contamination and its valent form (Bagchi, Stohs, Downs, Bagchi, & Preuss, 2002;Donkin et al, 2000). This study indicates that one formulation had a Cr level above the MAL (258%, product containing vitamins, Table 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Consequently, there is a risk of illicitly high contaminant levels, including potentially toxic metals and metalloids, which may lead to intoxication in humans if used on long-term basis (Caldas & Machado, 2004;Ernst, 1998;Nordberg, 1999;Slaveska, Spirevska, Stafilov, & Ristov, 1998;Tong, Schirnding, & Prapamontol, 2000;WHO, 1999). Usually, consumers are not informed about the possible toxicity of the product, and toxicity itself depends on the level of product contamination, as well as on the route of administration, quantity, frequency and duration of intake (Donkin, Ohlson, & Teaf, 2000;Dragun et al, 2003;Krone, Wyse, & Ely, 2001;Rajurkar & Damame, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring of metal and metalloid content in dietary supplements on the Croatian market

Tumir¹,

Bošnir²,

Vedrina‐Dragojević³

et al. 2010

Food Control

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of metal and metalloid content in dietary supplements on the Croatian market

Tumir¹,

Bošnir²,

Vedrina‐Dragojević³

et al. 2010

Food Control

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“…Three of the reservoirs had relatively higher concentrations which were signiWcantly higher than those of Karapikkada or Ullukkulama. It is a well established fact that the metals Cd, Pb, mercury (Hg) and thallium cause renal dysfunction both on acute and chronic exposure (Middendorf and Williams 2000;Donkin et al 2000). In our study therefore, the Cd and Pb appear to be the most critical heavy metals that would relate to the existing renal dysfunction in the region.…”

Section: Heavy Metals In Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Chronic renal failure among farm families in cascade irrigation systems in Sri Lanka associated with elevated dietary cadmium levels in rice and freshwater fish (Tilapia)

Bandara

Senevirathna

Dasanayake³

et al. 2008

Environ Geochem Health

207

187

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Chronic renal failure (CRF), in the main agricultural region under reservoir based cascade irrigation in Sri Lanka has reached crisis proportion. Over 5,000 patients in the region are under treatment for CRF. The objective of this study is to establish the etiology of the CRF. Concentrations of nine heavy metals were determined in sediments, soils of reservoir peripheries, water and Nelumbo nucifera (lotus) grown in five major reservoirs that supply irrigation water. All five reservoirs carried higher levels of dissolved cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe) and lead (Pb). Dissolved Cd in reservoir water ranged from 0.03 to 0.06 mg/l. Sediment Cd concentration was 1.78-2.45 mg/kg. No arsenic (As) was detected. Cd content in lotus rhizomes was 253.82 mg/kg. The Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) of Cd based on extreme exposure of rice is 8.702-15.927 microg/kg body weight (BW) for different age groups, 5-50 years. The PTWI of Cd due to extreme exposure of fish is 6.773-12.469 microg/kg BW. The PTWI on a rice staple with fish is 15.475-28.396 microg/kg BW. The mean urinary cadmium (UCd) concentration in CRF patients of age group 40-60 years was 7.58 microg Cd/g creatinine and in asymptomatic persons UCd was 11.62 microg Cd/g creatinine, indicating a chronic exposure to Cd. The possible source of Cd in reservoir sediments and water is Cd-contaminated agrochemicals. The CRF prevalent in north central Sri Lanka is a result of chronic dietary intake of Cd, supported by high natural levels of fluoride in drinking water, coupled with neglecting of routine de-silting of reservoirs for the past 20 years.

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“…For example, zinc is a cofactor for more than 100 metalloenzymes and its defi ciency can have numerous adverse effects on normal growth and development, reproduction, and immune function. Nevertheless, at suffi cient concentrations, a number of these essential metals are potentially toxic (62,63).…”

Section: Toxic Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contaminants of Medicinal Herbs and Herbal Products

Kosalec

Cvek

Tomić

2009

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

155

123

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Medicinal plants have a long history of use in therapy throughout the world and still make an important part of traditional medicine. Thus, medicinal plants and herbal products must be safe for the patient (consumer). This review addresses biological contaminants (microbes and other organisms) and chemical contaminants (mycotoxins, toxic elements such as heavy metals, and pesticide residues) as major common contaminants of medicinal herbs and herbal products. To prevent and screen for contamination and ensure safety and conformity to quality standards, medicinal herbs and herbal products should be included in appropriate regulatory framework.

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Properties and Effects of Metals

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Monitoring of metal and metalloid content in dietary supplements on the Croatian market

Monitoring of metal and metalloid content in dietary supplements on the Croatian market

Chronic renal failure among farm families in cascade irrigation systems in Sri Lanka associated with elevated dietary cadmium levels in rice and freshwater fish (Tilapia)

Contaminants of Medicinal Herbs and Herbal Products

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