Monitoring of metal and metalloid content in dietary supplements on the Croatian market

Tumir, Hrvoje; Bošnir, Jasna; Vedrina‐Dragojević, Irena; Dragun, Zrinka; Tomić, Siniša; Puntarić, Dinko; Jurak, Gordana

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2009.12.005

Cited by 34 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…These levels were also way below the permissible daily intake calculated from provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of 25 μg/kg body weight for Pb [38], and of 4 μg/kg body weight for Hg [43], adjusted per day for a 60 kg body weight and allocating 10% for supplementary dietary tablets [35]. The levels of Hg (0.02 -0.12 μg/g) and Pb (0.25-3.86 μg/g), in dietary supplementary tablets of vitamins and minerals and herbs, reported by Tumir et al [21] are compatible with the Hg levels in this study, yet their Pb levels are much higher.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some countries have set strict quality control regulations and many others failed [21]. Several regulatory agencies highlighted that some dietary supplements may induce health problems with regard to their quality, effectiveness and safety for human consumption [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several regulatory agencies highlighted that some dietary supplements may induce health problems with regard to their quality, effectiveness and safety for human consumption [22]. Poor quality control increases the risk of contamination of these products by bacteria, fungi, heavy metals and metalloids [21,23]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tumir et al [21] used microwave digestion and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry to find the concentration of Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Cr, Ni, and Zn. Kaufman et al [12] determined lead content of dietary supplements by ICP-MS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of heavy metals content in dietary supplements in Lebanon

Korfali

Hawi

Mroueh

2013

Chemistry Central Journal

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BackgroundThe consumption of dietary supplements is widely spread and on the rise. These dietary supplements are generally used without prescriptions, proper counseling or any awareness of their health risk. The current study aimed at analyzing the metals in 33 samples of imported dietary supplements highly consumed by the Lebanese population, using 3 different techniques, to ensure the safety and increase the awareness of the citizen to benefit from these dietary supplements.ResultsSome samples had levels of metals above their maximum allowable levels (Fe: 24%, Zn: 33%, Mn: 27%, Se: 15%, Mo: 12% of samples), but did not pose any health risk because they were below permitted daily exposure limit and recommended daily allowance except for Fe in 6% of the samples. On the other hand, 34% of the samples had Cu levels above allowable limit where 18% of them were above their permitted daily exposure and recommended daily allowance. In contrast, all samples had concentration of Cr, Hg, and Pb below allowable limits and daily exposure. Whereas, 30% of analyzed samples had levels of Cd above allowable levels, and were statistically correlated with Ca, and Zn essential minerals. Similarly 62% of the samples had levels of As above allowable limits and As levels were associated with Fe and Mn essential minerals.ConclusionDietary supplements consumed as essential nutrients for their Ca, Zn, Fe and Mn content should be monitored for toxic metal levels due to their natural geochemical association with these essential metals to provide citizens the safe allowable amounts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evaluation of heavy metals content in dietary supplements in Lebanon

Korfali

Hawi

Mroueh

2013

Chemistry Central Journal

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“…Magomia et al found that Pb and Cd contents in the breads range from 0.34 to 3.13 and from 0.013 to 0.098 mg/kg, respectively (17). Tumir et al showed that the levels of Pb, Cd, As, Hg, and Cr range from 0.25 to 3.86, from 0.05 to 0.28, from 0.1 to 0.19, from 0.02 to 0.12, and from 0.11 to 64.4 mg/kg, respectively, in dietary supplements on the Croatian market (18). In another research in Tenerif City of Spain, mean contents of Pb and Cd in the wheat of breads were determined as 0.037 and 0.027 mg/kg, respectively (19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Evaluation of Heavy Metals in the Different Breads in Iran: A Case Study of Rasht City

2014

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Background:Bread is an important food product that furnishes as much as 50% to 90% of total calorie and protein intakes. Objectives: This research was aimed at investigating content of heavy metals in the different breads in Rasht metropolis of northern Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 different bread types such as Barbari, Sangak, Lavash, and Baguette produced in 124 bakery shops in Rasht City were analyzed for some heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, and Co) by Inductive Coupled Plasma (ICP) instrument (ICP-QES). Results: The mean content of the As, Cd, and Pb in different breads were respectively as follows: Barbari, 0, 0.73, and 0.07; Sangak, 0, 0.13, and 0.64; Lavash, 0, 0.2, and 0.3; and Baguette, 0, 0.09, and 0.9 mg/kg of dry weight. The mean concentration of Cr, Ni, and Co levels in the selected breads was respectively as follows: 1.3, 1.2, and 0.6 mg/kg of Barbari; 0.8, 0.6, and 0.19 mg/kg of Sangak; 0.7, 0.4, and 0.14 mg/kg of Lavash; and 0.9, 0.7, and 0.07 mg/kg of Baguette. The mean daily intake of As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, and Cr with the consumed breads were 0, 0.5, 4.2, 6.4, 7.4, and 1.6 μg/kg, respectively. The total daily intake of the studied heavy metals was determined 17.5 μg/kg. The high levels Cr (8.4 μg/kg) in Barbari, Pb (5.8 μg/kg) in Baguette, and Cd (0.8 μg/kg) in Sangak breads were determined. Conclusions: The high contents of daily intake of Cr, Pb, Cd, and Hg by the breads cause undesirable health effects on people. Prevention of heavy metals in to the durums and breads during wheat, rice, and other agricultural productions in cultivation, harvest, and grinding stages, storage of flour, and baking breads is necessary.

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Monitoring of essential and toxic elements in multi-ingredient food supplements produced in European Union

Poniedziałek

Niedzielski

Kozak³

et al. 2018

J Consum Prot Food Saf

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The market of food supplements (FS) in European Union (EU) is on the rise. The present study investigated the content of essential (Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Zn) and toxic elements (Cd, Cr(VI), Ni and Pb) in 168 FS produced in the EU and designed to support various health aspects (nutrition, neurological function, reproduction, weight loss, cosmetic appearance). The majority of FS did not exceed a dissolution time of 60 min in hydrochloric acid (89.8%) and phosphate buffer (85.7%). Cd and Cr(VI) were not detected in any FS, Ni and Pb were present sporadically (in 10.1 and 6.5%, respectively) at mean concentrations of 0.06 and 0.07 mg/single unit dose, respectively. All FS containing detectable Pb levels had exceeded a maximum allowance level (3.0 mg kg -1 ) set by the European Commission. Generally, the determined concentrations of essential elements fall greatly below recommended safety upper limits, except Fe in selected FS (mainly for pregnant women). Compared to the value declared on the product label, the majority of tested FS displayed mineral content below the accepted margin (70-130%). In general, the majority of the studied FS can be considered safe although discrepancies between declared and determined mineral content are worrisome. These findings are important in view of FS consumer safety.

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Monitoring of metal and metalloid content in dietary supplements on the Croatian market

Cited by 34 publications

References 11 publications

Evaluation of heavy metals content in dietary supplements in Lebanon

Evaluation of heavy metals content in dietary supplements in Lebanon

A Comparative Evaluation of Heavy Metals in the Different Breads in Iran: A Case Study of Rasht City

Monitoring of essential and toxic elements in multi-ingredient food supplements produced in European Union

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