Abstract:Et(ind)zZrClz (C2H,(indenyl)zZrC12) confined inside regular pores of molecular sieves MCM-41 and VPIJ were prepared and used to polymerize propene with high activity. Stereoregularity, melting point and molecular weight of polypropene obtained were increased and the polymerization behavior was quite different from that prepared with homogeneous Et(ind)zZrC12. The small, regular and cylindrical pores of MCM-4 1 and VPI-5 suppress the formation of inactive binuclear complexes between metallocene and metallocene,… Show more
“…Therefore, binding these metallocene catalysts onto inorganic supports as supported metallocene catalysts can overcome those drawbacks. Many inorganic supports such as SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and MgCl 2 have been investigated [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. It was reported that silica is perhaps the most attractive support so far.…”
The study revealed enhancement (four to seven times) of catalytic activities for ethylene/1-octene copolymerization via the Zr-modified SiO 2 -supported the metallocene/MAO catalyst. Increased activity can be attributed to an increase in absorption ability of MAO on the modified support. In addition, the strong interaction between MAO and the support was also considered.
“…Therefore, binding these metallocene catalysts onto inorganic supports as supported metallocene catalysts can overcome those drawbacks. Many inorganic supports such as SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and MgCl 2 have been investigated [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. It was reported that silica is perhaps the most attractive support so far.…”
The study revealed enhancement (four to seven times) of catalytic activities for ethylene/1-octene copolymerization via the Zr-modified SiO 2 -supported the metallocene/MAO catalyst. Increased activity can be attributed to an increase in absorption ability of MAO on the modified support. In addition, the strong interaction between MAO and the support was also considered.
“…Since the MCM-41 mesoporous silica (with a hexagonal arrangement of the pores with 2-5 nm diameter) was invented at the beginning of the 1990's [15][16][17], applications of mesoporous molecular sieves in controlled polymerization have attracted much attention [18,19]. In contrast to zeolites these materials have the ability to encapsulate relatively large molecules.…”
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was applied to study the paramagnetic species formed from styrene, 1,1-diphenylethylene, α-methylstyrene, β-methylstyrene and methylmethacrylate adsorbed on amorphous silica gel after -irradiation at 77 K. Radicals formed by the hydrogen atom addition at the vinyl group of the monomers were observed in all samples. The hydrogen atoms were shown to originate to a large extent from the adsorbent by using silica gel with deuterated silanol groups. An EPR spectrum assigned to a propagating radical was observed at increased temperature for samples containing methylmethacrylate (MMA). The structures of the adsorption complexes, the respective hyperfine coupling constants and the adsorption energies were calculated by applying DFT quantum chemical methods. The reaction between an MMA molecule and the MMA radical and the structure of the propagating radical was modeled. The calculated hyperfine coupling constants for all radicals confirmed the assignment of the experimental spectra.3
“…It has been reported that many inorganic supports such as SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 and MgCl 2 have been extensively studied. It was found that different supports could alter the catalytic behaviors during reaction as well [3][4][5][6][7].…”
The bimodal polyethylene obtained from TiO 2 -supported zirconocene/MAO catalyst was observed during polymerization of ethylene and ethylene/1-hexene. By means of XPS, it revealed that TiO 2 consisted of Ti 3+ (BE = 462.6 eV) and Ti 4+ (BE = 464.9 eV). The dual catalytic sites were attributed to the presence of Ti 3+ and Ti 4+ in TiO 2 .
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