Propagation Properties of Elegant Hermite-Gaussian Beams in Atmospheric Turbulence

Effect of Non-Kolmogorov Turbulence on the Spreading of Polychromatic Partially Coherent Hermite–Gaussian Array Beams

“…L m denotes the mth order Laguerre polynomial, and L (1) m and L (2) m are the first and second derivatives of L m , respectively. For convenience, we introduce the relative beam separation x 0 = x 0 /w 0 ; then…”

“…Laser beams have been extended from fully coherent to partially coherent beams [1][2][3][4], from monochromatic to polychromatic beams [5][6][7], from scalar beams to vector beams [8,9], and from a single beam to array beams [10][11][12]. The propagation properties, including the intensity distribution, beam spreading, M 2 factor, scintillation index, angle of arrival fluctuation, Rayleigh length, turbulence distance, effective radius of curvature, and degree of polarization of laser beams propagating through the atmosphere turbulence, have been studied [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

“…The atmospheric propagation of laser beams is important for remote sensing, tracking, and longdistance optical communications, as well as military applications; an extensive study of laser-beam propagation through atmospheric turbulence has been made [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Laser beams have been extended from fully coherent to partially coherent beams [1][2][3][4], from monochromatic to polychromatic beams [5][6][7], from scalar beams to vector beams [8,9], and from a single beam to array beams [10][11][12].…”