Propagation of Smooth Cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora, from Seed in North Carolina

Broome, Stephen W.; Woodhouse, W. W.; Seneca, Ernest D.

doi:10.2307/1350971

Cited by 30 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Seedlings were planted with an intact seed coat (to avoid damage when transplanting) into salt marsh sediment at 1 cm depth below the surface in individual PVC pots (practical choice, cf. Broome et al ; Schwarz et al ; Bouma et al ). The pots (160 mm height and 110 mm inner diameter) were made from PVC pipes, with open bottoms that allowed for accretion/erosion treatments ( see Han et al for seagrasses, Balke et al for mangroves).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seedling establishment may be particularly important for the colonization of large bare tidal flats disconnected from existing vegetation, which may occur due to (1) the inherently cyclic nature of marsh dynamics, (2) rapid expansion of tidal flats, or (3) large‐scale restoration (Broome et al ; Laegdsgaard ; Bouma et al ). In most cases, seedling establishment will be followed by lateral clonal growth and sward coalescence (van der Wal et al ; Vandenbruwaene et al ).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of sediment disturbance regimes onSpartinaseedling establishment: Implications for salt marsh creation and restoration

Cao

Zhu

Balke

et al. 2017

Limnology & Oceanography

155

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Seedling establishment is an important process relevant for the restoration of salt marsh within the framework of sustainable coastal defense schemes. Recent studies have increasingly highlighted how the short-term (i.e., the day-to-day) sediment dynamics can form major bottlenecks for seedling establishment. Until recently, studies on quantifying the threshold values of such short-term sediment dynamics for marsh seedlings remain rare. As accretion/erosion trends and dynamics may differ greatly under global change, we study the effects of short-term sediment disturbance-regimes on seedling establishment of two globally distributed foundation species: Spartina alterniflora and Spartina anglica. Seedlings with different disturbance-free periods were exposed to a set of different accretion/erosion-regimes in the laboratory. Seedling survival appeared to be much more sensitive to erosion than accretion, seedlings with short disturbance-free periods were more sensitive than seedlings with longer ones, and S. alterniflora was more sensitive than S. anglica. Seedlings were less sensitive to gradual changes in sediment height (accretion/erosion) than to abrupt changes where time for morphological adjustment is lacking. Critical erosion depth (the maximum erosion that seedlings are able to withstand) was shown to mainly depend on sedimentation history. Our results confirm that the establishment of Spartina seedlings requires a flooding disturbance-free "window of opportunity" and that sediment disturbances affect their survival both directly and via morphological adjustment. These results provide fundamental insights into seedling establishment that can be used for designing engineering measures to create suitable conditions and enable marsh creation/restoration for nature goals or as part of coastal defense schemes under global change.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sediment disturbance regimes onSpartinaseedling establishment: Implications for salt marsh creation and restoration

Cao

Zhu

Balke

et al. 2017

Limnology & Oceanography

155

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast, few restoration efforts have involved direct seeding, with the best examples having been achieved for Spartina alterniflora with seeds being distributed by boats and even aircraft (Broome et al, 1988;Benedict et al, 2012). These studies found that seed should be harvested as near as possible to maturity, or just prior to splitting, with harvesting done by hand or using machinery (Broome et al, 1974). Harvested seed can be stored for months and concentrated using a thresher designed for small grain (Broome et al, 1988).…”

Section: Tidal Marshesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Propagules to Restore Coastal Marine Ecosystems

et al. 2020

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Response to Photoperiod and Temperature by Spartina Alterniflora (Poaceae) From North Carolina and Spartina Foliosa From California

Seneca

Blum

1984

American J of Botany

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Seedlings of Spartina alterniflora Loisel. from Oregon Inlet, North Carolina were generally taller and produced significantly more culms and total dry weight than those of S. foliosa Trin. from two California populations (Alameda Beach and Marin County) in eight photoperiod‐temperature treatments over a 17‐wk period. Seedlings of S. alterniflora produced maximal biomass in 30–26 C whereas those of S. foliosa produced maximal biomass in 22–18 C, both under long‐day conditions. The average photosynthesis rate for S. alterniflora (3.0 mg C g dry wt−‐ hr−‐1) was 1.6 times higher than that for S. foliosa (1.9 mg C g dry wt−‐1 hr−‐1), but the dark respiration rates (0.3 and 0.4 mg C g dry wt−‐1 hr−‐1, respectively) were not significantly different. The proportion of rhizomes was greater under short than long‐day conditions for both species in most temperature regimes. The average shoot soluble carbohydrate and starch concentrations were higher for S. foliosa (8.4 and 0.9%, respectively) than those for S. alterniflora (6.0 and 0.4%, respectively). The average rhizome soluble carbohydrate concentration (18%) for S. alterniflora under long‐day conditions was significantly lower than that under short‐day conditions (28%) and also lower than those for S. foliosa under both long (26%) and short‐day (25%) conditions. Rhizome starch concentrations of S. alterniflora were significantly higher in the short than in most long‐day temperatures and were generally higher for S. alterniflora than for S. foliosa under short‐day conditions. The root starch concentration of S. alterniflora under short‐day conditions (1.3%) was higher than that under long‐day conditions (0.2%) and also higher than those of S. foliosa under both long (0.2%) and short‐day (0.7%) conditions. The two species exhibited similar patterns of carbohydrate storage in belowground organs, similar flower initiation processes not under strict photoperiod control, and similar respiration rates, but significantly different photosynthetic rates and growth responses with S. alterniflora having the potential to be the more productive species.

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Propagation of Smooth Cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora, from Seed in North Carolina

Cited by 30 publications

References 6 publications

Effects of sediment disturbance regimes onSpartinaseedling establishment: Implications for salt marsh creation and restoration

Effects of sediment disturbance regimes onSpartinaseedling establishment: Implications for salt marsh creation and restoration

Using Propagules to Restore Coastal Marine Ecosystems

Response to Photoperiod and Temperature by Spartina Alterniflora (Poaceae) From North Carolina and Spartina Foliosa From California

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