Propagation modeling over terrain using the parabolic wave equation

Donohue, D. J.; Kuttler, J.R.

doi:10.1109/8.833076

Cited by 134 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The SSF solution of (11) subject to the impedance boundary condition (12), (13), firstly derived in [13] and further improved in [27], is used in APM. A wide-angle propagator is also included that allows treating propagation problems requiring larger propagation angles with respect to the horizon; see [16] and the discussion in [15] about the introduction of the wide-angle propagator. The local grazing angles ϕ are determined by a combination of spectral estimation and geometric optics methods [15,24].…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A wide-angle propagator is also included that allows treating propagation problems requiring larger propagation angles with respect to the horizon; see [16] and the discussion in [15] about the introduction of the wide-angle propagator. The local grazing angles ϕ are determined by a combination of spectral estimation and geometric optics methods [15,24]. The surface impedance characteristics are calculated as a function of frequency using permittivity and conductivity graphs given in [28].…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is no rigorous solution to this problem suitable for practical usage. The parabolic equation (PE) approximate technique, proven to be computationally fast and accurate in handling wave propagation in complex environments, is often used with the effects of roughness incorporated through an approximate rough surface reflection coefficient [13][14][15][16][17]. In the propagation over the ocean studies, the surface roughness effects are accounted for by defining an "effective" reflection coefficient, R eff , representing the Fresnel reflection coefficient from flat surface multiplied by a Roughness Reduction Factor (RRF) [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Propagation Factor and Path Loss Simulation Results for Two Rough Surface Reflection Coefficients Applied to the Microwave Ducting Propagation Over the Sea

Sirkova

2011

PIER M

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Abstract-The performance assessment of maritime microwave communications and radar systems requires accounting simultaneously for the non-homogeneous propagation medium over the sea and the rough sea surface scattering. The tropospheric ducting, specific for over water propagation, is one of the most difficult to treat propagation mechanisms. The proposed work combines a recently published in the literature phase correction, responsible for the shadowing effects, to the Ament rough surface reflection coefficient and the Parabolic Equation method (as implemented in the Advanced Propagation Model) to simulate the microwave propagation over the sea under evaporation duct conditions. Propagation factor and path loss results calculated for phase-corrected Ament, non-phase-corrected Ament and the other widely used, Miller-Brown, rough surface reflection coefficient are compared and discussed. The main effects from the accounting of the shadowing result in the shift of the interference minima and maxima of the propagation factor, changes in the path loss pattern and destruction of the trapping property of the duct.

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Section: Theoretical Backgroundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Backgroundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Propagation Factor and Path Loss Simulation Results for Two Rough Surface Reflection Coefficients Applied to the Microwave Ducting Propagation Over the Sea

Sirkova

2011

PIER M

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“…where 13) showing that weak element contributions at point ρ n can be obtained through a spectral domain integral of the weak element complex far-field pattern or plane wave spectrum, F n (φ).…”

Section: Spectral Acceleration Of the Fbm For Vertical Polarizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the spectral acceleration forward-backward method for propagation over terrain

Tunc¹

2004

Fifth IEE International Conference on Computation in Electromagnetics - CEM 2004

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“…The applicability of (3) to larger angular sectors depends on the approximation assumed for the square root operator and the numerical scheme used [33,57]. If one neglects the backscattered field and assumes the simplest approximation, i.e., (1 + Z ) 1/2 ≈ 1 + Z /2, (3) transforms into (1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief review on PE method application to propagation channel modeling in sea environment

Sirkova

2011

Open Engineering

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This work provides an introduction to one of the most widely used advanced methods for wave propagation modeling, the Parabolic Equation (PE) method, with emphasis on its application to tropospheric radio propagation in coastal and maritime regions. The assumptions of the derivation, the advantages and drawbacks of the PE, the numerical methods for solving it, and the boundary and initial conditions for its application to the tropospheric propagation problem are briefly discussed. More details are given for the split-step Fourier-transform (SSF) solution of the PE. The environmental input to the PE, the methods for tropospheric refractivity profiling, their accuracy, limitations, and the average refractivity modeling are also summarized. The reported results illustrate the application of finite element (FE) based and SSF-based solutions of the PE for one of the most difficult to treat propagation mechanisms, yet of great significance for the performance of radars and communications links working in coastal and maritime zones -the tropospheric ducting mechanism. Recent achievements, some unresolved issues and ongoing developments related to further improvements of the PE method application to the propagation channel modeling in sea environment are highlighted.

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Propagation modeling over terrain using the parabolic wave equation

Cited by 134 publications

References 13 publications

Propagation Factor and Path Loss Simulation Results for Two Rough Surface Reflection Coefficients Applied to the Microwave Ducting Propagation Over the Sea

Propagation Factor and Path Loss Simulation Results for Two Rough Surface Reflection Coefficients Applied to the Microwave Ducting Propagation Over the Sea

Application of the spectral acceleration forward-backward method for propagation over terrain

Brief review on PE method application to propagation channel modeling in sea environment

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