Propagation loss measurements in semiconductor microcavity ring and disk resonators

Rafizadeh, D.; Zhang, J.P.; Tiberio, R. C.; Ho, Seng-Tiong

doi:10.1109/50.701410

Cited by 59 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…6,7 Such resonators can be designed as notch filters for adding or dropping individual channels in the telecommunication bands and can be densely integrated in photonic networks. For reconfigurable DWDM systems, and to compensate for temperature changes, it is desirable to tune the precise channel frequency dropped by such resonator add/drop multiplexers.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electrically tunable ring resonators incorporating nematic liquid crystals as cladding layers

Maune

Lawson

Gunn³

et al. 2003

Applied Physics Letters

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We have demonstrated electrical tuning in ring resonators fabricated from silicon-on-insulator wafers by incorporating nematic liquid crystals ͑NLCs͒ as the waveguide top and side cladding material. Photolithographically defined electrodes aligned around the ring resonator were used to control the orientation of the NLCs to modulate the cladding refractive index and, hence, the resonant wavelengths of the ring resonator. © 2003 American Institute of Physics. ͓DOI: 10.1063/1.1630370͔Microring resonators, fabricated with conventional semiconductor processing methods in silicon, offer significant advantages over the existing telecommunication filter technology and may be the foundation of future dense-wavelengthdivision-multiplexing ͑DWDM͒ filters. 1-5The high refractive index ͑RI͒ contrast available in silicon-oninsulator ͑SOI͒ ring resonators enables low loss and high-Q filters fabricated with radii down to a few microns.6,7 Such resonators can be designed as notch filters for adding or dropping individual channels in the telecommunication bands and can be densely integrated in photonic networks. For reconfigurable DWDM systems, and to compensate for temperature changes, it is desirable to tune the precise channel frequency dropped by such resonator add/drop multiplexers.Two primary methods exist to control the optical path length of a ring resonator and thus tune its resonant frequency. To statically tune a ring resonator one can either adjust the physical dimensions ͑in particular its circumference͒ or the refractive indices of the constituent materials of the resonator. Dynamically tunable resonators provide another level of functionality over statically tuned resonators and are most practically obtained by controlling the refractive indices of the constituent materials. Dynamic tuning is commonly achieved by thermally changing the RI, traditionally by introducing a heater close to the resonator. 8 However, power dissipation may provide a serious problem in such tunable ring resonator designs, especially when many resonators have to be integrated in a DWDM multiplexing system. In this letter we demonstrate the dynamic tuning of a ring resonator by changing the RI of its cladding via the orientation of the nematic liquid crystals ͑NLC͒.The resonator system under study, as shown in Fig. 1, was fabricated from a SOI wafer with silicon thickness of 205 nm and oxide thickness of 1 m, ring radius of 5 m, and ring and waveguide widths of 500 nm. The resonator was coupled to one waveguide, which served as both the input and output port and was separated from the resonator by a 100 nm gap. Modulation electrodes were then photolithographically defined and deposited using standard lift-off processing. The left and right electrodes were approximately 4.0 m wide and were spaced about 400 and 300 nm from the resonator, respectively ͑Fig. 1͒. The modulation electrodes were designed to preferentially orient the directors of the NLC molecules parallel ͑azimuthally oriented͒ to the resonator. To minimize their electrostatic ene...

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confidence: 99%

Electrically tunable ring resonators incorporating nematic liquid crystals as cladding layers

Maune

Lawson

Gunn³

et al. 2003

Applied Physics Letters

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“…We base our analysis on the formalism presented in [4], but also account for waveguide dispersion. A resonance peak will always obey the following relationship:…”

Section: Ring Resonator Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…was silica. Since the silica has a temperature derivative of the index one order of magnitude less [6] than silicon, it is ignored for the purposes of expression (4).…”

Section: Ring Resonator Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the tuning sensitivity of silicon-on-insulator optical ring resonators

Baehr‐Jones

Hochberg

Walker

et al. 2005

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Abstract-High-quality-factor optical ring resonators have recently been fabricated in thin silicon-on-insulator (SOI). Practical applications of such devices will require careful tuning of the precise location of the resonance peaks. In particular, one often wants to maximize the resonance shift due to the presence of an active component and minimize the resonance shift due to temperature changes. This paper presents a semianalytic formalism that allows the prediction of such resonance shifts from the waveguide geometry. This paper also presents the results of experiments that show the tuning behavior of several ring resonators and find that the proposed semianalytic formalism agrees with the observed behavior.

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“…On the other hand, graphene also presents strong tunability via electrical biasing [4], which leads to various tunable graphene-based devices. Ring resonators have been extensively studied and shown to possess distinct functionalities in integrated optics on a variety of platforms, such as semiconductors [5], high index contrast dielectric waveguide [6] and metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguides [7]. Recently, various tunable resonators have been proposed and demonstrated to achieve tunable resonances using nematic liquid crystals [8], the photocapacitance of semi-insulating GaAs [9] or the thermo-optical effect [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetically tunable non-reciprocal plasmons resonator based on graphene-coated nanowire

Zhu¹,

Cryan²,

Gao³

et al. 2015

Opt. Mater. Express

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Abstract:In this paper we propose a magnetically tunable plasmons resonator based on a graphene-coated nanowire. Due to the magneto-optical effect under an external magnetic field, the circumferential propagation of graphene plasmons on a magneto-optical nanowire becomes non-reciprocal with the modal indices depend on plasmons traveling directions (clockwise or anti-clockwise). When coupled with a graphene sheet waveguide, the two components form a graphene plasmons filter for which the shift direction of transmittance spectrum is determined by the direction of input plasmons. The resonant wavelengths of resonator are obtained through resonant cavity theory and verified by numerical solutions. Furthermore, the non-reciprocal transmittance enables such structures to achieve the function of a plasmons isolator where the isolation could be tuned by the amplitude of an external magnetic field and the enabled plasmons propagation direction could be switched by reversing the direction of external magnetic field. Under proper structural parameters and magnetic field, an isolation ratio over 25 dB is obtained. The proposed magnetically tunable plasmons resonator may provide new inspiration to graphene plasmonics devices. 2015 Optical Society of America

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Propagation loss measurements in semiconductor microcavity ring and disk resonators

Cited by 59 publications

References 15 publications

Electrically tunable ring resonators incorporating nematic liquid crystals as cladding layers

Electrically tunable ring resonators incorporating nematic liquid crystals as cladding layers

Analysis of the tuning sensitivity of silicon-on-insulator optical ring resonators

Magnetically tunable non-reciprocal plasmons resonator based on graphene-coated nanowire

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