Propagation characteristics of the pedestrian shockwave in dense crowd: Experiment and simulation

Wang, Jinghong; Chen, Manman; Jin, Bowei; Li, Jia; Wang, Zhirong

doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101287

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Wang et al [5], Helbing et al [14] presented the social force model, explained crowd shockwave (Fig. 2.)…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The temporal implication is one of the solemn challenges for organizing authorities to make necessary arrangement to mobilize a massive Hajj crowd till the pilgrims safely reach back to their places after they had performed the rituals. It requires hosting authorities to integrate pedestrian movement and crowd safety with available resources and thoroughly analyze crowd's behaviour and utilize their mobility parameters like average speed/crowd density at the different hours of the day to set out efficient mobility plans, which can be deployed and be modified on demand to avoid any possible crowd shockwaves [5], disasters [6] and massive causalities such as Mina stampede in 2015 [7]. Pilgrims' sacerdotal interest keeps them cooperative with other pilgrims, which provides sustained parameters like their speed and crowd density when they pass through different transfer corridors and adapt precautionary behaviour during their mobility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Modelling and Scheduling Tool for Crowd Movement in Complex Network

Felemban¹,

Rehman²,

Ahmad³

et al. 2022

Intelligent Automation &Amp; Soft Computing

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Managing events pose a unique challenge to the stakeholders and authorities to control the crowd in all three phases of the event (pre, during and post), ensuring crowd safety. One of the fundamental keys to provide crowd safety is to consider the mobility infrastructure hosting the crowd, i.e., routes, areas, entrances and exits. During Hajj, where millions of pilgrims worldwide fulfil the annual event's rites, mina encampment incorporates pilgrims performing recurring stoning ritual conducted over multi-level Jamarat bridge. Pilgrims mobility through the available complex road network, to and back from the Jamarat bridge, forces upon authorities in charge to set out mobility plans which may require off and on modification as per attendees' preferences and organizational needs. This paper presents a basis for mathematical modelling of pilgrims' mobility pattern in Mina by considering available corridors' capacity, limited times, group size restrictions, and road segment connectivity. The developed mathematical model can generate an efficient schedule to control the flow through these corridors, assess crowd management risks when corridors' capacity is affected by any emergency, and scientifically estimate each corridor's maximum allowable occupants

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“…Wang et al [5], Helbing et al [14] presented the social force model, explained crowd shockwave (Fig. 2.)…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modelling and Scheduling Tool for Crowd Movement in Complex Network

Felemban¹,

Rehman²,

Ahmad³

et al. 2022

Intelligent Automation &Amp; Soft Computing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Taking into account the complex interactions between traffic and pedestrians, a systematic simulation-based multiattribute decision approach to route choice planning was developed and the uncertainties underlying pedestrian behaviours during an evacuation were modelled [22]. e main reasons and definitions of the crowd shockwave were proposed to study the correlation between people of different densities and stamping accidents [23]. e movement trajectory of pedestrian's evacuation was focused under specific conditions (low visibility) [24].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergency Evacuation Simulation and Optimization for a Complex Rail Transit Station: A Perspective of Promoting Transportation Safety

Tian

2020

Journal of Advanced Transportation

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Rail transit stations with multifloor structures have been built in many cities to intensively utilize land resources and facilitate lives of community. However, being overcrowded with passengers results in high risks during daily operation. In response, this study conducted an emergency evacuation simulation and optimization in the three-dimensional (3D) space of “complex rail transit stations” (CRTSs). The aim of the paper is to provide a methodology to determine effective emergency evacuation strategies for CRTSs. The Lianglukou Rail Transit Station in Chongqing, China, was used as a case study and the AnyLogic simulation platform employed for simulating emergency evacuations. An emergency evacuation theoretical framework was established. The emergency evacuation strategies, including evacuation routes and evacuation times, were determined based on the theoretical demonstration. Simulation and optimization of emergency evacuation in the Lianglukou station were conducted. Accordingly, four main simulation results were obtained: (1) Escalators/stairs and turnstiles are key facilities in the evacuation; (2) Effective guidance for the evacuation is necessary in the public space of the station; (3) Passenger aggregation nodes should be guided for balanced evacuation; (4) Removing metal barriers is a useful evacuation optimization measure. The proposed research method and framework can be used by other CRTSs in the establishment of emergency evacuation strategies and effective optimization strategies to promote safety of transportation system. The research findings are beneficial to passengers in helping them provide valuable emergency evacuation guidance.

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“…However, these current models are not capable of realistic simulation of high-density crowds [2,15]. The fastest and the least expensive computation is the cellular automata technique by specific strength of using a parallel computational model which integrates macroscopic and microscopic behaviours [42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integration of enhanced social force and crowd control models for high-density crowd simulation

Kolivand

Rahim

Sunar

et al. 2020

Neural Comput & Applic

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Social force model is one of the well-known approaches that can successfully simulate pedestrians’ movements realistically. However, it is not suitable to simulate high-density crowd movement realistically due to the model having only three basic crowd characteristics which are goal, attraction, and repulsion. Therefore, it does not satisfy the high-density crowd condition which is complex yet unique, due to its capacity, density, and various demographic backgrounds of the agents. Thus, this research proposes a model that improves the social force model by introducing four new characteristics which are gender, walking speed, intention outlook, and grouping to make simulations more realistic. Besides, the high-density crowd introduces irregular behaviours in the crowd flow, which is stopping motion within the crowd. To handle these scenarios, another model has been proposed that controls each agent with two different states: walking and stopping. Furthermore, the stopping behaviour was categorized into a slow stop and sudden stop. Both of these proposed models were integrated to form a high-density crowd simulation framework. The framework has been validated by using the comparison method and fundamental diagram method. Based on the simulation of 45,000 agents, it shows that the proposed framework has a more accurate average walking speed (0.36 m/s) compared to the conventional social force model (0.61 m/s). Both of these results are compared to the real-world data which is 0.3267 m/s. The findings of this research will contribute to the simulation activities of pedestrians in a highly dense population.

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Propagation characteristics of the pedestrian shockwave in dense crowd: Experiment and simulation

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

A Modelling and Scheduling Tool for Crowd Movement in Complex Network

A Modelling and Scheduling Tool for Crowd Movement in Complex Network

Emergency Evacuation Simulation and Optimization for a Complex Rail Transit Station: A Perspective of Promoting Transportation Safety

An integration of enhanced social force and crowd control models for high-density crowd simulation

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