Propagation characteristics of lightning stepped leaders developing in charge regions and descending out of charge regions

Yoshida, Shigeaki; Akita, Manabu; Morimoto, Takeshi; Ushio, Tomoo; Kawasaki, Zen

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.11.010

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Unlike the similar negative breakdown during the IS reported by Yoshida et al . [], no significant ICC pulses had been recognized in this case, which may result from the weak discharge current or the poor conductivity of the leader channel.…”

Section: Analysis and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the summer of 2013, a new short‐baseline time difference of arrival system was operated by our team with continuous data recording capability and improved data analysis technique at the SHandong Artificially Triggering Lightning Experiment (SHATLE) in Shandong Province, China [ Qie et al ., ]. Combining with simultaneous observations of the channel‐base current, optical images, and electric field changes, the VHF radiation source locations can provide important information about the UPL and various negative leaders and discharges between two successive strokes, including dart leaders, dart‐stepped leaders, K processes, and M processes [e.g., Shao et al ., ; Yoshida et al ., ; Hill et al ., ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of a rocket‐triggered lightning flash with large stroke number and the associated leader propagation

et al. 2014

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A negative lightning flash with 16 leader-return stroke sequences, triggered in the summer of 2013 using the classical rocket-and-wire triggering technique, was examined with simultaneous two-dimensional (2D) imaging of very high-frequency (VHF) radiation sources, channel-base current measurement, broadband electric field waveforms and high-speed video images. A total of 28.0 C negative charge was transferred to ground during the whole flash, and the charge transferred during the initial stage was 4.9 C, which is the weakest among the triggered lightning flashes at the SHandong Artificially Triggering Lightning Experiment (SHATLE). The peak current of 16 return strokes ranged from 5.8 to 32.5 kA with a geometric mean of 14.1 kA. The progression of upward positive leader and downward negative (dart or dart-stepped) leaders was reproduced visually by using an improved short-baseline VHF lightning location system with continuous data recording capability. The upward positive leader was mapped immediately from the tip of the metal wire during the initial stage, developing at a speed of about 10 4 m/s without branches. The upward positive leader and all the 14 negative leaders captured by the 2D imaging system propagated along the same channel with few branches inside the cloud, which might be the reason for the relatively small charge transfer. The 2D imaging results also show that dart leaders may transform into dart-stepped leaders after a long time interval between successive strokes.

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Section: Analysis and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of a rocket‐triggered lightning flash with large stroke number and the associated leader propagation

et al. 2014

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“…Although there are many works on the lightning spectrum (Wallace, 1960;Orville and Henderson, 1984;Weidman et al, 1989), most of them are focused on the return stroke because the leader spectrum is generally too weak to be captured. Many studies on lightning leaders (Qie and Kong, 2007;Kong et al, 2008;Zhang et al, 2009;Yoshida et al, 2012;Jiang et al, 2013) have yielded important progresses, but the spectra of lightning leaders are only reported in few literatures up to now. Orville (1968) reported the first spectrum of stepped leader in the 560 to 660 nm range with a slitless spectrograph.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Spectral characteristics of lightning dart leader propagating in long path

Cen

Pan

Xue

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Research

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“…However, it is noted that these leader charge distributions mentioned above usually adopt a stepped leader without branched channels. Actually, the natural lightning discharge usually presents multiple branched channels, 8,9 and neglecting the contribution of branched channels to the return stroke charge may lead to an overestimation of the charge per unit length along the leader channel, which also affects the electric field near the ground. 10 Some authors have considered the charge density inside the branched channels by using a rough approximation of uniform or constant distribution.…”

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confidence: 99%

A stepped leader model for lightning including charge distribution in branched channels

Shi

Zhang

2014

Journal of Applied Physics

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The stepped leader process in negative cloud-to-ground lightning plays a vital role in lightning protection analysis. As lightning discharge usually presents significant branched or tortuous channels, the charge distribution along the branched channels and the stochastic feature of stepped leader propagation were investigated in this paper. The charge density along the leader channel and the charge in the leader tip for each lightning branch were approximated by introducing branch correlation coefficients. In combination with geometric characteristics of natural lightning discharge, a stochastic stepped leader propagation model was presented based on the fractal theory. By comparing simulation results with the statistics of natural lightning discharges, it was found that the fractal dimension of lightning trajectory in simulation was in the range of that observed in nature and the calculation results of electric field at ground level were in good agreement with the measurements of a negative flash, which shows the validity of this proposed model. Furthermore, a new equation to estimate the lightning striking distance to flat ground was suggested based on the present model. The striking distance obtained by this new equation is smaller than the value estimated by previous equations, which indicates that the traditional equations may somewhat overestimate the attractive effect of the ground. V C 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.

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Propagation characteristics of lightning stepped leaders developing in charge regions and descending out of charge regions

Cited by 25 publications

References 19 publications

Characteristics of a rocket‐triggered lightning flash with large stroke number and the associated leader propagation

Characteristics of a rocket‐triggered lightning flash with large stroke number and the associated leader propagation

Spectral characteristics of lightning dart leader propagating in long path

A stepped leader model for lightning including charge distribution in branched channels

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