Promotive and inhibitory effects of rice straw and cellulose application on rice plant growth in pot and field experiments

Adachi, Katsuki; Chaitep, Waree; Senboku, Toshihiro

doi:10.1080/00380768.1997.10414761

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…To ¢nd the e¡ects of the treatments on CH 4 emission and ARA, the Friedman test with the treatment as a factor and time as a block was used. As a BES e¡ect on CH 4 emission depending on the concentration was foreseen, the Jonkheere test with the treatments as a factor was used to compare the total amounts during the incubation. For the other statistical analyses, two-way ANOVA with the treatment as a factor and time as a block was used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 shows the CH 4 emission from the slurries during the incubation. Without BES, only a small amount of CH 4 was detected in the ¢rst week and extensive CH 4 production was recorded from the second week. CH 4 production continued almost linearly to the end of the incubation.…”

Section: Changes In Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both CH 4 and C 2 H 4 were analyzed using a Shimadzu GC14B gas chromatograph (Kyoto, Japan) equipped with a Porapack R column (2 mU3 mm i.d. stainless steel tubing, 80/100 mesh packing, Waters, Milford, USA) and a £ame ionization detector.…”

Section: Gas Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inhibition of methanogens increases photo-dependent nitrogenase activities in anoxic paddy soil amended with rice straw

Harada

2001

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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The interaction between phototrophic dinitrogen fixers and methanogens was examined in soil slurries amended with rice straw using 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid (BES), a specific methanogenic inhibitor. Slurries incubated in light increased phototrophic nitrogenase activity (acetylene reducing activity), and showed growth of phototrophic purple bacteria and reduction of CH 4 emission, indicating outcompetition of purple bacteria with methanogens in photic zones. Adding BES effectively inhibited methane production and markedly increased phototrophic acetylene reducing activity accompanied with acetate accumulation, but did not affect populations of purple bacteria in the slurries. More acetate accumulated in the inhibited slurries incubated in dark. We suggest that increased availability of organic substrates for purple bacteria after stopping methanogenic consumption by BES caused the increased phototrophic acetylene reducing activity. These results indicate that, after purple bacteria grow enough, performance of their N 2 fixation may be limited by substrate availability, which methanogenesis may profoundly influence. ß

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Changes In Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inhibition of methanogens increases photo-dependent nitrogenase activities in anoxic paddy soil amended with rice straw

Harada

2001

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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“…The characteristics of the soil (paddy field soil) used in this experiment have been described 1,28) . The 110-ml tubes with 30 g of 1mm-sieved soil were sterilized twice at 121°C for 1 h with a 24 h interval to eliminate the indigenous microflora.…”

Section: Co-culture Of a Methanogen And Methanotroph On Sterilized Somentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Culture of a Methanogenic Archaeon and a Methanotrophic Bacterium on Sterilized Soil in Large Test Tubes: Design for Soil-Mediated Co-Culture.

Dianou

Adachi

2001

Microb. Environ.

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In a design utilizing a sterilized soil-mediated co-culture of methanogenic archaeon and methanotrophic bacterium, the activities of both the methanogen and methanotroph were examined. It was confirmed that CH4 was produced by the methanogen after methanotrophic inoculation and suggested that this CH4 was oxidized by the methanotroph as the concentration of O2 increased, although emission of CH4 itself was indirect proof of CH4-oxidizing activity. On the other hand, in the control treatment, methanogenic inoculation without methanotrophic inoculation at different levels of O2, CH4 was not emitted (there was no activity to produce CH4). These results suggest a symbiotic relation in this co-culture system, because the methanogen provided CH4 to the methanotroph, while inoculation of the methanotroph was necessary for subsequent production of CH4 by the methanogen. The development of co-culture systems is essential for understanding the close relationship and interaction between methanogens and the methanotrophs in natural and agricultural environments.Key words: co-culture, methanogenic archaeon, methanotrophic bacterium, paddy soil Methane is an important warming gas whose atmospheric concentration has been increasing for decades 9,21,34) . Methane emission is the net effect of CH4 production (methanogenesis) and oxidation (methanotrophy). Methanotrophic bacteria (methanotrophs) are obligately aerobic respiratory bacteria that utilize methane as a sole source of carbon and energy for growth 8,17,29) and hence, are considered important regulators of atmospheric methane fluxes in nature 10,23) . Methanotrophs have been isolated from a variety of environments including freshwater lakes, wetlands, and the open ocean 8,[17][18][19]23,27,30,35) . In contrast, methanogenic archaea (methanogens) are strictly anaerobic archaea commonly isolated from natural anaerobic environments, including freshwater and marine sediments, wet and waterlogged soils, the rumen of animals, and the gut of insects 7,15,22) . Methanogens produce methane and provide it to methanotrophs, which utilize it as a source of energy. Consequently, there is considerable interest in the interaction between methanogens and methanotrophs with respect to CH 4 production and oxidation in the interfaces of anaerobic and aerobic environments. Gerritse and Gottschal 16) established two-membered mixed cultures of a methanogenic archaeon and an aerobic bacterium in O2-limited conditions but mentioned that growth of Methanobacterium formicicum was markedly inhibited in the co-culture with Methylocystis species. Shen et al. 32) reported methanotroph and methanogen coupling in a granular biofilm under O 2 -limited conditions, although the coupling system included other aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Hence the two-membered co-culture of a methanogen and a methanotroph is not well developed yet, although the two organisms are thought to interact closely with each oth-

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“…The author refers to the subtropical field experiment with rice straw and cellulose application at 4 and 10 t per ha 2,20,43) , as an example of organic matter application in a subtropical paddy field. Five treatments [i.e., control (T1), application of rice straw at 4 t ha -1 (T2), rice straw at 10 t ha -1 (T3), cellulose at 4 t ha -1 (T4), cellulose at 10 t ha -1 (T5)] were set up using the rice cultivar Chiyonishiki 2,20,43) . In this field experiment, the incubation period after incorporation of straw and cellulose until transplanting was set at more than 3 months under flooded conditions.…”

Section: Effect Of Organic Matter Application On Ch 4 Emission In a Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Methanogenic Archaea and Methanotrophic Bacteria in a Subtropical Paddy Field and Their Interaction: Controlling Methane Emissions from Paddy Fields.

Adachi

2001

Microb. Environ.

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In flooded rice fields, methanogenic archaea produce CH 4 , while methanotrophic bacteria oxidize a part of the produced CH 4 . Thus, the latter bacteria are considered as suitable organisms for controlling CH 4 emission from paddy fields. In this paper, the author demonstrates a case of organic matter application, enumeration and isolation of methanogenic archaea and methanotrophic bacteria in a subtropical paddy field. The rice rhizosphere is one of the typical areas where anaerobic and aerobic environments interface, methanogens produce CH 4 and methanotrophs utilize it for energy. Although how they interact in the anaerobic and aerobic interfaces is an attractive research area, it has not yet been fully elucidated, because a two-member co-culture of methanogen and methanotroph is not well developed. Co-culture of a strictly anaerobic methanogenic archaeon and an obligately aerobic methanotrophic bacterium using sterilized paddy soil was carried out. The rice root system affects CH 4 production and oxidation in the rice rhizosphere, and its influence varies with different rice cultivars. Rice cultivars with few unproductive tillers, a small root system, high root oxidative activity, and high harvest index are ideal for mitigating CH 4 emission in paddy fields.Key words: methane emission, methanogenic archaeon, methanotrophic bacterium, rice cultivar, subtropical paddy field Methane is one of the significant greenhouse gases related to global warming, and its concentration in the global atmosphere is increasing at a rate of approximately 1% per year 11,35) . In lowland rice cultivation, rice plants grow under flooded conditions and CH 4 is emitted from the fields. Controlling CH4 emission from the paddy fields contributes to the mitigation of global warming. Figure 1 57) shows a sketch of a flooded rice field in relation to CH 4 production, oxidation, and emission, along with CH4 diffusion, ebullition, and leaching from the paddy soil. Rice plants play the key role in CH 4 emission from paddy fields: (1) they supply root exudate and detritus which are substrates for CH4 production 56) ; (2) the rice aerenchyma system is a major pathway of CH 4 from paddy soil to atmosphere 13,42,46) ; (3) the aerenchyma system is also a pathway of O 2 supply to the rice rhizosphere by downward transportation, thus rice plants support CH4 oxidation in the rhizosphere; and (4) the rice rhizosphere itself is an important niche for methanotrophic bacteria which oxidize CH 4 to CO 2 56,63) . Methanogenic archaea (methanogens) are strictly anaerobic microbes belonging to the Archaea domain, and play an important role in anoxic environments by performing the last step of the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter: mineralization into CH 4 and CO 2 27) . Information on the genera and species of methanogenic archaea occurring in flooded paddy soils is gradually accumulating, but it is still limited. On the other hand, methanotrophic bacteria are obligately aerobic respiratory bacteria that can utilize CH 4 as their sole carbon and e...

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Promotive and inhibitory effects of rice straw and cellulose application on rice plant growth in pot and field experiments

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Inhibition of methanogens increases photo-dependent nitrogenase activities in anoxic paddy soil amended with rice straw

Inhibition of methanogens increases photo-dependent nitrogenase activities in anoxic paddy soil amended with rice straw

Co-Culture of a Methanogenic Archaeon and a Methanotrophic Bacterium on Sterilized Soil in Large Test Tubes: Design for Soil-Mediated Co-Culture.

Methanogenic Archaea and Methanotrophic Bacteria in a Subtropical Paddy Field and Their Interaction: Controlling Methane Emissions from Paddy Fields.

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