Promoting 2D Material Photodetectors by Optical Antennas beyond Noble Metals

Abstract

The distinctive layered crystal structures and diverse properties of 2D layered materials (2DLMs) have established them as prospective building blocks for implementing next‐generation optoelectronics. One critical predicament in terms of light sensing is the weak absorption caused by the atomic‐scale thickness, as well as the limited effective wavelength range/low spectral selectivity constrained by the intrinsic band structures. Despite the fact that numerous noble metal antennas are harnessed for enhancing the light–matter coupling, they suffer from exorbitant cost and narrow resonant optical windows. To this end, a number of non‐noble plasmonic optical antennas have been developed to improve the light‐sensing properties of 2DLM photodetectors, and tremendous advances have been accomplished. Herein, a comprehensive overview of this subject is provided based on four aspects; namely, non‐noble metal antenna promoted 2DLM photodetectors, heteroatom doped semiconductor antenna promoted 2DLM photodetectors, non‐stoichiometric semiconductor antenna promoted 2DLM photodetectors, and MXene antenna promoted 2DLM photodetectors. The focus is on the device structures, preparation, and underlying mechanisms. In the end, the challenges are highlighted, and potential strategies addressing them are proposed, which aim to navigate the upcoming exploration in the related domains and fully exert the pivotal role of non‐noble plasmonic optical antennas toward advancing 2DLM photodetectors.

Quaternary AgInP2S6: A Prospective Robust van der Waals Semiconductor for High‐Speed Photodetectors and their Application in High‐Temperature‐Proof Optical Communications

“…As a consequence, the photocarriers can circulate across the light-sensing channel for more cycles in the same period (i.e., the lifetime of photocarriers) under a higher external bias, thus resulting in an elevated photogain. In the future, the photosensitivity can be further ameliorated by leveraging various improvement strategies such as dielectric engineering, [16] coupling with optical waveguide/cavity, [58][59][60] strain engineering, [61] integration of optical antennas/light-trapping nanostructures, [62,63] and so on. Subsequently, the spectral photoresponse of the AgInP 2 S 6 photodetector is further evaluated.…”

Quantum tailoring for polarization-discriminating Bi2S3 nanowire photodetectors and their multiplexing optical communication and imaging applications

“…In addition, it is also competitive among the state-of-the-art photodetectors built of low-dimensional materials (Table S2, ESI †). In the future, the device performance of the Bi 2 S 3 photodetectors can be further ameliorated through a variety of strategies such as dielectric engineering, 50 optical waveguide/cavity/resonator integration, [51][52][53] coupling optical antennas/light-trapping nanostructures, [54][55][56] etc.…”

Optical Sensing Using Hybrid Multilayer Grating Metasurfaces with Customized Spectral Response

“…A modern simplification of these sensors is obtained by attaching them to photodetectors, which extract the measurable quantity from an electrical signal [12,13]. An optoelectronic sensor is the next generation of this kind that combines both functions in one device by activating the surface of the photodetector to measure variations in the parameters of interest in the surrounding medium [14][15][16]. A further development of these devices is the customization of their performance and range for specific applications.…”