Promoted photocatalytic degradation and detoxication performance for norfloxacin on Z-scheme phosphate-doped BiVO4/graphene quantum dots/P-doped g-C3N4
“…A large number of studies have shown that nonmetallic CQDs and GQDs have up-conversion photoluminescence properties. [100,119,120] As an example, Zhang et al designed the FeOOH QDs/CQDs/g-C 3 N 4 composites (FCCN) by modifying g-C 3 N 4 with double QDs. [121] When CQDs were injected into the original UCN, the optical response range was significantly widened.…”
Section: Transmission Of Optical Propertiesmentioning
Among all possible options, semiconductor photocatalytic technology is considered as an environmentally friendly and ideal strategy among all possible options and has been rapidly developed around the world. [5][6][7][8][9] Since the first report of artificial photocatalysis in 1972 by Fujishima et al., traditional TiO 2 has been widely used because of its intrinsic photocatalytic performance, low toxicity, and thermodynamic stability. [10][11][12] However, TiO 2 can be only photogenerated under ultraviolet light (UV-light), limiting its utilization efficiency of solar energy. [13,14] Accordingly, researchers are actively searching for photocatalysts with excellent visible light response and satisfactory photocatalytic performance. [15][16][17] Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) is a metal-free nanomaterial composing of C and N with a defect-N bridges of s-triazine or tri-s-triazine (Figure 1A,B). [19,20] The history of C 3 N 4 could be traced back to 1834, but g-C 3 N 4 was not formally proposed until 1996 by Teter and Hemley, probably due to its high stability and mysterious structure. [21] Subsequently, g-C 3 N 4 has emerged as an encouraging candidate for photocatalysts based on its moderate bandgap, suitable energy band structure (Figure 1C), visible light absorption and high stability, as well as been widely concerned by countries all over the world. [18,[22][23][24] Since the photocatalytic H 2 evolution of g-C 3 N 4 was first reported in 2009, the research on improving the photocatalytic performance of g-C 3 N 4 -based photocatalysts has gradually become a popular research direction (Figure 2). [18,25,26] Pristine g-C 3 N 4 can be prepared by using the heat treatment of some low-cost nitrogen-rich organic precursors, such as urea, melamine, dicyandiamide, and so on. [27] However, their practical applications have been limited by several shortcomings of pristine g-C 3 N 4 , including low specific surface area, insufficient utilization of visible light (< 460 nm), and rapid recombination of photogenerated electron-hole (e − -h + ) pairs. [28,29] For the sake of overcoming these challenges, many methods have been employed to modify g-C 3 N 4 to improve the photocatalytic activity, such as element/heteroatomic doping, [30] structural design, [31,32] and heterojunction construction. [33][34][35] Among the recent progresses of modifying g-C 3 N 4 , heterojunctions formed Recently, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) has attracted increasing interest due to its visible light absorption, suitable energy band structure, and excellent stability. However, low specific surface area, finite visible light response range (<460 nm), and rapid photogenerated electron-hole (e − -h + ) pairs recombination of the pristine g-C 3 N 4 limit its practical applications. The small size of quantum dots (QDs) endows the properties of abundant active sites, wide absorption spectrum, and adjustable bandgap, but inevitable aggregation. Studies have confirmed that the integration of g-C 3 N 4 and QDs not only overcomes these limita...
“…A large number of studies have shown that nonmetallic CQDs and GQDs have up-conversion photoluminescence properties. [100,119,120] As an example, Zhang et al designed the FeOOH QDs/CQDs/g-C 3 N 4 composites (FCCN) by modifying g-C 3 N 4 with double QDs. [121] When CQDs were injected into the original UCN, the optical response range was significantly widened.…”
Section: Transmission Of Optical Propertiesmentioning
Among all possible options, semiconductor photocatalytic technology is considered as an environmentally friendly and ideal strategy among all possible options and has been rapidly developed around the world. [5][6][7][8][9] Since the first report of artificial photocatalysis in 1972 by Fujishima et al., traditional TiO 2 has been widely used because of its intrinsic photocatalytic performance, low toxicity, and thermodynamic stability. [10][11][12] However, TiO 2 can be only photogenerated under ultraviolet light (UV-light), limiting its utilization efficiency of solar energy. [13,14] Accordingly, researchers are actively searching for photocatalysts with excellent visible light response and satisfactory photocatalytic performance. [15][16][17] Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) is a metal-free nanomaterial composing of C and N with a defect-N bridges of s-triazine or tri-s-triazine (Figure 1A,B). [19,20] The history of C 3 N 4 could be traced back to 1834, but g-C 3 N 4 was not formally proposed until 1996 by Teter and Hemley, probably due to its high stability and mysterious structure. [21] Subsequently, g-C 3 N 4 has emerged as an encouraging candidate for photocatalysts based on its moderate bandgap, suitable energy band structure (Figure 1C), visible light absorption and high stability, as well as been widely concerned by countries all over the world. [18,[22][23][24] Since the photocatalytic H 2 evolution of g-C 3 N 4 was first reported in 2009, the research on improving the photocatalytic performance of g-C 3 N 4 -based photocatalysts has gradually become a popular research direction (Figure 2). [18,25,26] Pristine g-C 3 N 4 can be prepared by using the heat treatment of some low-cost nitrogen-rich organic precursors, such as urea, melamine, dicyandiamide, and so on. [27] However, their practical applications have been limited by several shortcomings of pristine g-C 3 N 4 , including low specific surface area, insufficient utilization of visible light (< 460 nm), and rapid recombination of photogenerated electron-hole (e − -h + ) pairs. [28,29] For the sake of overcoming these challenges, many methods have been employed to modify g-C 3 N 4 to improve the photocatalytic activity, such as element/heteroatomic doping, [30] structural design, [31,32] and heterojunction construction. [33][34][35] Among the recent progresses of modifying g-C 3 N 4 , heterojunctions formed Recently, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) has attracted increasing interest due to its visible light absorption, suitable energy band structure, and excellent stability. However, low specific surface area, finite visible light response range (<460 nm), and rapid photogenerated electron-hole (e − -h + ) pairs recombination of the pristine g-C 3 N 4 limit its practical applications. The small size of quantum dots (QDs) endows the properties of abundant active sites, wide absorption spectrum, and adjustable bandgap, but inevitable aggregation. Studies have confirmed that the integration of g-C 3 N 4 and QDs not only overcomes these limita...
“…Under aerobic conditions, dissolved oxygen reacts with photogenerated electrons forming • O 2 - with the rate determining step assigned as the electron transfer to O 2 . Figure 2 (a) Mott-Schottky plots, (b) EIS Nyquist plots, (c) transient photo-current response, (d) photoluminescence spectra of synthesised dual Z-scheme g-C 3 N 4 /Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 /Bi 4 O 5 I 2 heterojunction [71] , (e) levofloxacin degradation rate of the synthesised S-scheme heterojunction Bi 2 O 3 /P-C 3 N 4 photocatalyst [72] , and (f) the luminescence inhibition (INH) of the bioluminescence of V. fischeri at different reaction time [73] …”
Section: Z-scheme Photocatalysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The degradation of norfloxacin was also examined with direct dual [28] and indirect Z-scheme mechanisms [73] with BiFeO 3 /CuBi 2 O 4 /BaTiO 3 and phosphate-doped BiVO4/graphene quantum dots/P-doped g-C 3 N 4 (BVP/GQDs/PCN) under visible light irradiation with efficiencies of 93.2% and 86.3% within 60 and 120 minutes, respectively. Evidently, the degradation time incurred during photodegradation of this class of antibiotics reach a maximum of 2 hours towards high mineralization efficiencies that are enticing for industrial applications of Z-scheme heterojunctions towards large-scale applications of antibiotics degradation in water.…”
“…The main active species were identi ed using capture experiments of FIS10/BiOBr under the same conditions. In general, the CB and VB potentials of photocatalyst can have a direct impact on the production of active species during photodegradation (Wang et al 2021). Tert-butanol (TBA), pbenzoquinone (BQ) and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA-2Na) were used as trapping agents for hydroxyl radicals (•OH), superoxide radicals (•O 2 − ), and photogenerated holes (h + ), respectively.…”
The rational design of heterojunction photocatalysts is an effective way to improve semiconductor photocatalytic activity. The simple solvothermal method was used to successfully prepare visible light-driven FeIn2S4 microspheres/BiOBr nanoplates binary heterojunction photocatalysts with varying FeIn2S4 contents. The crystal structure, morphology, surface composition, specific surface area, charge separation and optical properties of the as-prepared photocatalysts were investigated using a variety of analytical methods. In the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B, the FeIn2S4/BiOBr photocatalysts obtained a degradation efficiency of 96% within 60 min, which was approximately 5.33 and 2.59 times higher than pure FeIn2S4 and BiOBr, respectively. Radical trapping experiments and ESR measurements revealed the main active species (·OH, ·O2−, and h+) produced during photocatalytic degradation. The increased photocatalytic activity was due to the formation of Z-scheme heterojunctions between FeIn2S4 and BiOBr, which contributed to the improved effective charge separation of photogenerated charge carriers, augmented specific surface area and enhanced redox capacity. It is expected that our current study will provide a hopeful way for future environmental remediation research.
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