Promoção de saúde das famílias de docentes de enfermagem: apoio, rede social e papéis na família

Abstract

RESUMO:O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar apoios sociais, redes e papéis em famílias de docentes de enfermagem, utilizando a fundamentação teórica sobre promoção de saúde em enfermagem familiar. O cenário deste estudo constituiu-se de um Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem de uma Universidade do Brasil. Selecionaram-se como sujeitos deste estudo três famílias de enfermeiras docentes responsáveis por disciplinas do ciclo profissionalizante. A entrevista em profundidade, o genograma e o ecomapa foram usados para a coleta de dados, que foram categorizados pela análise de conteúdo, optando-se pelo tipo temático. Nas três famílias estudadas, os familiares e a família ampliada constituíram-se na principal fonte de apoio. Outras pessoas importantes foram funcionárias, sem laços de consangüinidade, as redes de apoio compostas pela escola, trabalho, igreja e locais de lazer. A identificação de papéis e apoios permitiu aos familiares fortalecerem os mecanismos de enfrentamento para lidar com os fatores estressantes cotidianos e atuarem na promoção da saúde. ABSTRACT:This study aims to identify social support, networks, and roles in families of nursing faculty members, using the theoretical framework of health promotion in family nursing. The scenario of the study was an Undergraduate Nursing Course at a University in the interior of Brazil. Three families of nursing professors responsible for subjects in the professionalization cycle were selected as study subjects. In-depth interviews, the genogram, and ecomaps were used for data collection. Data was categorized by thematic content analysis. In the three families under study, relatives and the expanded family constituted the main source of support. Other important persons were female employees without blood relations. The social support network included the school, work, church, and leisure sites. The identification of roles and supports allowed the relatives to strengthen coping mechanisms in order to deal with the daily stress factors, as well as to act in health promotion. RESUMEN:La finalidad de este trabajo es identificar apoyos sociales, redes y roles en las familias de docentes de enfermería, utilizando para ello, la fundamentación teórica sobre promoción de salud en enfermería familiar. El escenario de este estudio fue un Curso de Pregrado en Enfermería de una Universidad del interior de Brasil. Como sujetos de este estudio fueron seleccionadas tres familias de enfermeras docentes, responsables por disciplinas del ciclo profesionalizante. Para la recolección de los datos se utilizó la entrevista en profundidad, el genograma y el ecomapa. Los datos fueron catalogados mediante el análisis de contenido, eligiéndose el tipo temático. En las tres familias estudiadas, los familiares y la familia ampliada se constituyeron en la principal fuente de apoyo. Fueron consideradas como importantes las funcionarias, sin lazos de consanguinidad; las redes de apoyo, compuestas por la escuela, el trabajo, la iglesia y sitios de ocio. La identificación de roles y apoyos les permi...

Genogram and ecomap: brazilian nursing contributions

“…Papers were identified with "families" of: elderly people; 10,12,24,32 pregnant women with human papillomavirus; 23,27 women with human papillomavirus, in the form of a case study; 11 adults with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus; 8 nursing faculty members; 29 children who were victims of violence; 31 children with cancer 2 and chronic kidney failure; [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] patients with mental disorders; 3,14,28 users registered in the Family Health Program; 19 adults with chronic kidney failure; 13 hospitalized patients; 20 adolescent parents; 7 people living in rural areas 36 and, in one study, to understand the family context in the health-disease process. 25 "Individually", these instruments were used: with mental health service users; 15 with mothers of premature children; 6,21 mothers of pre-adolescents; 17 patients with traumatic spinal cord injury; 18 children in early childhood; 26 children with nephrotic syndrome; 30 stoma patients; 22 elderly people [33][34] and young victims of violence.…”

“…25 "Individually", these instruments were used: with mental health service users; 15 with mothers of premature children; 6,21 mothers of pre-adolescents; 17 patients with traumatic spinal cord injury; 18 children in early childhood; 26 children with nephrotic syndrome; 30 stoma patients; 22 elderly people [33][34] and young victims of violence. 35 With regard to its construction, in seven papers, the genogram and ecomap were elaborated based on an individual interview; 6,[17][18]21,23,33,35 in 17 during group meetings; [2][3][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][19][20][28][29]32,34 and, in three, 22,24,30 both individual and group interviews were used. In seven papers, 7,25-27,31,36-37 the authors did not mention how the instruments were constructed.…”

“…Among the papers selected, in 19, the interviews were held at home, 3,6,8,10,12,[17][18][19]21,24,[26][27][28][29][32][33][34][35][36] in five at the health service 9,13,15,20,23 and, in six, both at home and at the health service. 2,11,16,22,25,30 In four papers, the place where the interviews were held was not mentioned.…”

“…The techniques used in the construction of the genogram and ecomap were mentioned in 22 papers, [2][3]6,[8][9][12][13][14][15][16][20][21][22][24][25][29][30][32][33][34][35][36] as follows: participation of the family members, use of materials, such as markers and color codes by the children, and the moments when the instruments were elaborated (first or second meeting) were described in some papers. In 12 papers, the construction process was not referred to.…”

“…In 12 papers, the construction process was not referred to. 7,[10][11][17][18][19]23,[26][27][28]31,37 The difficulties and facilities related to the use of the genogram and ecomap were described in 14 papers, 2,8,12,[15][16]19,[21][22]24,27,29,33,35,37 while the authors of the other 20 studies did not mention these aspects. Table 1 displays a summary of the papers included in the review, according to the characteristics of the authors, publication year, objectives, facilities and difficulties in the use of these instruments.…”