Promising Nanoparticle-Based Heat Transfer Fluids—Environmental and Techno-Economic Analysis Compared to Conventional Fluids

Abstract

Providing optimal operating conditions is one of the major challenges for effective heating or cooling systems. Moreover, proper adjustment of the heat transfer fluid is also important from the viewpoint of the correct operation, maintenance, and cost efficiency of these systems. Therefore, in this paper, a detailed review of recent work on the subject of conventional and novel heat transfer fluid applications is presented. Particular attention is paid to the novel nanoparticle-based materials used as heat transfer fluids. In-depth comparison of environmental, technical, and economic characteristics is discussed. Thermophysical properties including thermal conductivity, specific heat, density, viscosity, and Prandtl number are compared. Furthermore, the possible benefits and limitations of various transfer fluids in the fields of application are taken into account.

Numerical insights of fractal–fractional modeling of magnetohydrodynamic Casson hybrid nanofluid with heat transfer enhancement

“…Nusselt number variation against the volume fraction of nanoparticles and hybrid nanocomposites made from TiO 2 and CdTe is presented in Table 2 and Figure 13. The $$$ \phi $$$ values range between 0 and 0.04 which means that up to 4 % of nanoparticles or nanocomposites can be added in the base fluids and should not exceed this range for the best results and avoid sedimentation, high viscosity, and clogging [57]. It can be noticed from the figure and table that the variation in $$$ \phi $$$ occurs for both nanoparticles and hybrid nanocomposites made up of TiO 2 and CdTe between a range of 0.00 and 0.004.…”

Thermal conductivity of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol nanofluids with boron nitride nano-barbs

“…However, due to its high toxicity, ethylene glycol-based nanofluid cannot be used for applications where the flow is open to the external envirnment, or in contact with food, and pharmaceutical products. 27 Hence, propylene glycol-based nanofluids are used in applications involving food or potential contact with drinking water because they are nontoxic under normal conditions. 28 The viscosity measurements for the EG and PG with water and BNNBs are included in ESI 3 and 4.…”

Thermodynamic Analysis of a Flat Plate Solar Collector with Different Hybrid Nanofluids as Working Medium—A Thermal Modelling Approach

“…Even researchers [5,6] are trying to integrate solar thermal energy storage attached to the bottom of the collectors. In addition, the suspension of new and innovative materials into conventional fluids is being evaluated to increase the thermal efficiency of FPSCs [7]. The traditional fluids are mixed with suspended nano-sized (1-100 nm) metal or metal oxide particles, which are known as nanofluids [8].…”