Promising antimicrobials from Phoma spp.: progress and prospects

Abstract

The increasing multidrug-resistance in pathogenic microbes and the emergence of new microbial pathogens like coronaviruses have necessitated the discovery of new antimicrobials to treat these pathogens. The use of antibiotics began after the discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming from Penicillium chrysogenum. This has attracted the scientific community to delve deep into the antimicrobial capabilities of various fungi in general and Phoma spp. in particular. Phoma spp. such as Phoma arachidicola, P. sorghina, P. exigua var. exigua, P. herbarum, P. multirostrata, P. betae, P. fimeti, P. tropica, among others are known to produce different bioactive metabolites including polyketides, macrosporin, terpenes and terpenoids, thiodiketopiperazines, cytochalasin derivatives, phenolic compounds, and alkaloids. These bioactive metabolites have already demonstrated their antimicrobial potential (antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral) against various pathogens. In the present review, we have discussed the antimicrobial potential of secondary metabolites produced by different Phoma species. We have also deliberated the biogenic synthesis of eco-friendly antimicrobial silver nanoparticles from Phoma and their role as potential antimicrobial agents.

Draft genome sequence of the endophytic fungus Phoma sp. strain YAFEF320, isolated from Gerbera jamesonii

“…These bioactive metabolites have anti-proliferative ( 4 ), antiviral ( 5 ), antimicrobial ( 6 ) anti-inflammatory ( 7 , 8 ) anticancer ( 9 , 10 ), and phytotoxic activities ( 11 , 12 ). Several reviews have discussed the potential values for applying these species, including their bioherbicidal ( 13 ), antimicrobial ( 14 ), and anticancer properties ( 10 ). Three genomes of Phoma spp.…”

Endophytic fungi isolated from Thymus algeriensis with good antimicrobial activities

“…These bioactive secondary metabolites have already demonstrated their antimicrobial potential (antiviral, antifungal, and antibacterial) against various pathogenic microorganisms (Rai et al, 2022).…”

“…To solve these problems chemical fungicides are widely used, however, their uncontrolled use has led to the appearance of multi-resistant phytopathogenic fungi (Xu et al, 2021). On another hand, bacterial infections associated with antibiotic resistant strains and the emergence of new microbial pathogens like coronaviruses have necessitated a need to search and develop new and highly effective antimicrobial agents (Rai et al, 2022;Manganyi et al, 2019) .…”

Phomopsischalins A–C, polycyclic-fused cytochalasins from the endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. shj2 and their abilities to induce lysosomal function

“…3 Identifying natural products that regulate lysosomal function is of remarkable medical interest. Cytochalasins are a large family of fungal polyketide synthase-non ribosomal peptide synthetase (PKS-NRPS) hybrid metabolites with a plethora of biological activities, including antimicrobial, 4,5 cytotoxic, 6–8 cancer immunotherapeutic, 9 immunoregulatory, 10 cytoskeleton inhibitory, 11–13 and neurotrophic activities, 14 and have aroused considerable interest. In recent years, more than 500 cytochalasins with diverse architectures have been identified, many of which have been synthesized by organic chemists in an elegant manner.…”