Prolonged exposure to particulate Cr(VI) is cytotoxic and genotoxic to fin whale cells

Meaza, Idoia; Speer, Rachel M.; Toyoda, Jennifer H; Lü, Haiyan; Wise, Sandra S.; Croom-Perez, Tayler J.; Aboueissa, Abou El-Makarim A.; Wise, John Pierce

doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126562

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Thus, a longer cell cycle might allow Bowhead whale cells more time to correct DNA damage and other genomic instabilities such as aneuploidy but additional studies are needed to determine if the mechanism is direct, i.e., by allowing cells more time to repair DNA damage, indirect, i.e., by limiting the accumulation of DNA damage, or some combination of direct and indirect effects. Both indirect and direct effects models are consistent with observations that whale cells generally have more efficient DNA damage repair mechanisms than cells from some other mammals (Browning et al, 2017; Chen et al, 2009; Meaza et al, 2020; Wise et al, 2010, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

A CDKN2C retroduplication in Bowhead whales is associated with the evolution of extremely long lifespans and alerted cell cycle dynamics

Vazquez

Kraft

Lynch

2022

Preprint

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Among the constraints on the evolution of remarkably long lifespans is an increased risk of developing cancer because organisms with long lifespans have more time to accumulate cancer-causing mutations than organisms with shorter lifespans. Indeed, while there is a strong correlation between lifespan and cancer risk within species, there is no correlation between maximum lifespan and cancer risk across species ("Peto's Paradox"). Here we use evolutionary genomics and comparative experimental biology to explore the mechanisms by which Bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus), which can live at least 211 years, evolved their extremely long lifespans. We found that the Bowhead whale genome encodes a species-specific retroduplicated CDKN2C (p18INK4C) gene (CDKN2CRTG). The CDKN2CRTG gene is embedded within a Cetacean-specific LINE L1 element, and is highly expressed in Bowhead whale tissues likely because it coopted an L1 promoter to drive constitutive expression. Furthermore we use a series of gain of function experiments to show how the duplicate CDKN2CRTG gene may influence cellular phenotypes such as cell cycle progression and DNA damage repair in ways that are beneficial for aging and cancer resistance. Remarkably, Bowhead and Right whales only diverged ~4-5 million years ago, suggesting the long lifespan of Bowheads may have evolved relatively recently and coincident with the origin of CDKN2CRTG.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

A CDKN2C retroduplication in Bowhead whales is associated with the evolution of extremely long lifespans and alerted cell cycle dynamics

Vazquez

Kraft

Lynch

2022

Preprint

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“…Cr(VI) has been classified as a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer [24]. Cr(VI) concentrations in the general population vary depending on the territories and areas considered [88][89][90][91]. Rural or suburban air generally contains lower concentrations of chromium than urban air (<10 ng/m 3 in rural areas; 0-30 ng/m 3 in urban areas).…”

Section: Toxicity Of Chromium(vi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Double Face of Metals: The Intriguing Case of Chromium

et al. 2021

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Chromium (Cr) is a common element in the Earth’s crust. It may exist in different oxidation states, Cr(0), Cr(III) and Cr(VI), with Cr(III) and Cr(VI) being relatively stable and largely predominant. Chromium’s peculiarity is that its behavior relies on its valence state. Cr(III) is a trace element in humans and plays a major role in glucose and fat metabolism. The beneficial effects of Cr(III) in obesity and types 2 diabetes are known. It has been long considered an essential element, but now it has been reclassified as a nutritional supplement. On the other hand, Cr(VI) is a human carcinogen and exposure to it occurs both in occupational and environmental contexts. It induces also epigenetic effects on DNA, histone tails and microRNA; its toxicity seems to be related to its higher mobility in soil and swifter penetration through cell membranes than Cr(III). The microorganisms Acinetobacter sp. Cr1 and Pseudomonas sp. Cr13 have been suggested as a promising agent for bioremediation of Cr(VI). This review intends to underline the important role of Cr(III) for human health and the dangerousness of Cr(VI) as a toxic element. The dual and opposing roles of this metal make it particularly interesting. An overview of the recent literature is reported in support.

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A comprehensive review on human health effects of chromium: insights on induced toxicity

Hossini

Shafie

Niri

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

103

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Prolonged exposure to particulate Cr(VI) is cytotoxic and genotoxic to fin whale cells

Cited by 6 publications

References 38 publications

A CDKN2C retroduplication in Bowhead whales is associated with the evolution of extremely long lifespans and alerted cell cycle dynamics

A CDKN2C retroduplication in Bowhead whales is associated with the evolution of extremely long lifespans and alerted cell cycle dynamics

The Double Face of Metals: The Intriguing Case of Chromium

A comprehensive review on human health effects of chromium: insights on induced toxicity

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