Prolonged Diuretic and Renoprotective Effects of a Xanthone Obtained from Garcinia achachairu Rusby in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats

Abstract

The previous study showed that 1,5,8-trihydroxy-4′,5′-dimethyl-2H-pyrano(2,3 : 3,2)-4-(3-methylbut-2-enyl) xanthone (TDP) obtained from Garcinia achachairu Rusby (Clusiaceae) branches induces acute diuresis in normotensive (NTR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) after 8 h of the experiment. In complementarity, the present study evaluated the prolonged diuretic and renoprotective effects of TDP in both NTR and SHR. The animals received, once a day, oral treatment with TDP (0.1 mg/kg), hydrochlorothiazide (10 mg/kg), or vehicle (VEH; 10 mL/kg). At the end of 7 days, the urine, blood, and kidney samples were collected for biochemical and histological analyzes. The urinary volume of both NTR and SHR after 7 days of treatment with the TDP was significantly increased, associated with augmented urinary electrolyte excretion levels. The treatments did not modify the urinary pH values nor the parameters analyzed in plasma (Na+, K+, Cl−, and Ca2+). Concerning the renal analyzes, when compared with the VEH-treated NTR group, while the activity of the enzymes catalase (CAT) and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), as well as nitrite levels, were increased, the generation of lipid hydroperoxides and the activity of the enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) were unaltered. On the other hand, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) in kidney homogenates of the SHR group were decreased. However, TDP augmented the levels of GSH and GST activities and reduced the levels of nitrite and the activities of CAT and MPO, when compared with VEH-treated only SHR. Besides, the treatment with TDP alleviated the morphological changes of the renal corpuscle region of SHR. Together, these results revealed the prolonged diuretic effect of TDP and their renal protective effect by improving the antioxidative capacity.

Boldine, an Alkaloid from Peumus boldus Molina, Induces Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in the Perfused Rat Kidney: Involvement of Nitric Oxide and Small-Conductance Ca2+-Activated K+ Channel

“…Nothofagin, a mono-C-glycoside of 4,2′,4′,6′-tetrahydroxy-dihydrochalcone found in Leandra dasytricha leaves, demonstrated the ability to induce diuresis [ 23 ], renoprotection [ 24 ], vasodilation [ 12 ], and hypotensive effect [ 25 ]. Different compounds from the xanthone classes isolated from Garcinia achachairu branches revealed acute diuretic actions [ 26 , 27 ], prolonged diuretic and renoprotective effects [ 28 ], and antiurolithic properties [ 29 ]. Besides, glycosylated flavonoids obtained from the leaves of Bauhinia forficata revealed vasodilator [ 30 ], diuretic, and kidney protective effects [ 31 ].…”

Diuretic and Antiurolithic Effect of Garcinia humilis (Vahl) C.D. Adams Leaves, a Medicinal Plant Native to South American Countries

“…The structures are depicted in Figure 1. The compound 3‐demethyl‐2‐geranyl‐4‐prenylbellidypholine xanthone it has already been studied in isolation to demonstrate its renal effects, revealing an important diuretic and renal protective effect [11,12] . The other compounds, despite several efficacy studies for different therapeutic applications, have not yet been studied regarding their possible renal actions.…”

“…Immediately after that, each rat was allotted in metabolic cages and its urine was stored in the first and every 2 h, until complete 8‐h. Doses were selected from a logarithmic scale with an interval of 0.5, based on the group's experience with previous studies [9,11–12] …”