Proline enhances antioxidative enzyme activity, photosynthesis and yield of Cicer arietinum L. exposed to cadmium stress

Abstract

-Seeds of chickpea inoculated with Rhizobium were sown in pots supplemented with different doses of cadmium (0, 25, 50 or 100 mg per kg of soil). At the stage of 30 days after sowing (DAS), the plants were sprayed with 20 mM solution of proline and were sampled at 90 DAS to assess the various parameters. The foliar treatment of proline resulted in the alleviation of the adverse effects generated by metal exposure, which was expressed in terms of the increase in plant growth. The activity of carbonic anhydrase in the cadmium-fed plants sprayed with proline was higher than that of control. The proline applied as foliar spray increased the photosynthetic attributes and yield characteristics in the cadmium-stressed plants. The activity of antioxidative enzymes increased with increasing concentration of cadmium. Maximum values were recorded in the plants exposed to 100 mg cadmium per kg of soil.

Effect of Water Deficiency and Potassium Application on Plant Growth, Osmolytes and Grain Yield of Brassica Napus Cultivars

“…Accumulation of proline under stress conditions is used as an adaptive mechanism by many plant species (CHU et al 1974, FRAN-CISCO et al 2007, ALI et al 2008, HASAN et al 2008, BAKHT et al 2012, BAKHT et al 2013, HAYAT et al 2013. Enhancement of proline concentration was noted in canola plants under drought stress at different growth stages (DIN et al 2011).…”

Pretreatment of forage legumes under moderate salinity with exogenous salicylic acid or spermidine

“…Pál et al (2013) observed a decrease in lipid peroxidetion with the use of exogenous SA. According to Hayat, Hayat, Alyemeni, and Ahmad (2013), SA can delay membrane deterioration due to lipid peroxidation, which is known to be one of the adverse effects of salt stress, leading to MDA accumulation. In contrast, exogenous Spd had no effect on the MDA content, which was statistically similar between the treatments and the control (0.0 mM NaCl) ( Figure 5A).…”

Adaptation Strategies of Plants against Heavy Metal Toxicity: A Short Review

“…Moreover, Hayat et al [46] showed that the exogenous application of proline alleviates the damaging effects of Cd in plants and thereby enhances the growth and photosynthesis. At the same time, heavy metal stress cause in a down regulating of leaf water potential on the other side it get recovered by the exogenous application of proline and enhanced the leaf water potential thereby protecting the membranes from metal induced injuries [46,47].…”

“…Proline may accumulate in cytosol under various biotic and abiotic stress conditions [37,45,48]. Hayat et al [46] observed that the exogenous application of proline may enhance the endogenous proline level under heavy metal stress conditions which helps to maintain intracellular redox homeostasis potential [49] (Figure 1) protects enzymes [12], 3-D structure of proteins [50] and vital organelles including the cell membranes and also reducing the risk of peroxidation of lipids and proteins [47]. Proline may enhance the tolerance potential of plants by chelating heavy metals in the cytoplasm [51], regulating the water potential which is often impaired by heavy metals [52] maintain osmotic adjustment through cellular homeostasis and reduce metal uptake [53].…”