Proline, A Peculiar Amino Acid with Astucious Functions in Development and Salt Tolerance Process in Plants

Abstract

Proline is known to play diverse functions in plants. Some aspects of its biological functions are still unclear. This review highlights some cases in the proline, structure, metabolism, functions in development and also its involvement in salt tolerance process in planta. Indeed, we report the clever roles of proline in cellular homeostasis, including redox balance and their implication as effector during some causal enzymological and physiological processes. Furthermore, the proline functions under abiotic stresses are not yet completely understood. The engineering of proline metabolism could lead to new opportunities to improve plant tolerance against environmental stresses, especially salinity. Eventually, we note that the purpose through this review is to provide a rich, concise and mostly cohesive source on proline, considered as a platform and an anchor between several disciplines and biological functions. We also provide insight on some important research gaps that need to be filled to advance our scientific understanding in this area of research on proline in soil-plant systems.

Effects of Salinity Stress on Growth and Physiological Parameters and Related Gene Expression in Different Ecotypes of Sesuvium portulacastrum on Hainan Island

“…It possesses several features that contribute to its effectiveness, including its ability to prevent easy penetration of the cell membrane, lack of charge under physiological pH conditions, low molecular weight, and solubility in water [61,62]. Additionally, proline is rapidly generated within the organism and can efficiently accumulate, thereby exerting a strong regulatory effect [63,64]. The significant association between proline accumulation and osmotic stress tolerance has been extensively reported previously [61].…”

In vivo and in silico study of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on the liver-spleen axis of microencapsulated brewers’ spent grain peptides

“…62 Tyrosine-containing peptides work primarily through hydrogen atom transfer, 63 whereas Pro has ROS scavenging activity and singlet oxygen quenching capacity. 64 On the other hand, the reduction of lipid hydroperoxides to lipid hydroxides can proceed through two-electron transfers from the sulfur of Cys or Met. 63 Most antioxidant peptides have a molecular mass of 400-2000 Da.…”

Constitutive and Induced Salt Tolerance Mechanisms and Potential Uses of Limonium Mill. Species

“…Proline (Pro), one of the most common osmolytes in plants, has different biological functions in abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms, as it has also been described for other compatible solutes. Pro acts in osmotic adjustment under stress; as a low-molecularweight chaperon, for example, in protecting plasma membrane integrity and its associated transporter proteins; as a ROS scavenger, with singlet oxygen quenching capacity; and/ or a signalling molecule in the transduction of stress signals [27,158]. Proline has been detected in many Limonium species, generally at low concentrations under control conditions but showing a significant increase in plants subjected to water deficit or salt stress treatments.…”