Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and its progression to oral carcinoma: a review of the literature

Abstract

PVL is a persistent and progressive oral lesion that requires very close follow-up along with early and aggressive treatment to increase the chances of a favorable outcome.

Update on Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Progression to Cancer

“…However the lesions progress and in time over 70% of patients develop a conventional squamous cell carcinoma [6,7]. In the early stages these lesions are very difficult to diagnose since the lack of dysplasia makes them difficult to distinguish from papillomas and other benign verruciform lesions.…”

“…The lesions tend to be exophytic and spread laterally to encompass large regions of the oral mucosa. Localised lesions are usually referred to as verrucous hyperplasia but the extreme form of this lesion is characterised by recurrent multifocal and progressive lesions and is called proliferative verrucous leukoplakia [1,6].…”

Oral postinflammatory pigmentation: An analysis of 7 cases

“…PVL is a rare subtype of oral leukoplakia characterised by slow growing, diffuse, verrucous lesions resistant to any treatment and associated with a high risk of malignant transformation (13). Similarly to OLP, a lymphocytic infiltrate within the superficial part of lamina propria is often present in PVLassociated lesions (14). This infiltrate may suggest that OPP in course of PVL and OLP could have the same pathogenesis.…”

A case of oral multiple primary cancer including Spindle Cell Carcinoma

“…More than 150 cases of PVL have been reported [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] and the rate of malignant conversion during the disease course is higher than 70% [11]. Malignant conversion to SCC and verrucous carcinoma (VC) has been reported [10][11][12][13][14][15][16], but there has been no case of conversion of PVL with an anaplastic change to SPCC. Thus, the present case provides the first example of such a course of PVL.…”