Proliferation indexes--a comparison between cutaneous basal and squamous cell carcinomas.

Al-Sader, Mohammed Hussain; Doyle, Elaine; Kay, E.; Bennett, Mary; Walsh, Caitriona Barry; Curran, B.; Milburn, Christina; Leader, M.

doi:10.1136/jcp.49.7.549

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…At this stage, one finds proliferation of the subadjacent keratinocytes after migration has taken place. IFI27 was also strongly expressed in a subpopulation of SCC, unlike in BCC, which may reflect their histopathological differences and the higher proliferation index of SCC (al-Sader et al, 1996). IFI27 may therefore be a marker of certain epithelial cancers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Interferon α-Inducible Protein 27 (IFI27) is Upregulated in Psoriatic Skin and Certain Epithelial Cancers

Suomela

Cao

Bowcock

et al. 2004

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

107

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IFI27 is an interferon alpha-inducible protein found to be upregulated in lesional and non-lesional psoriatic skin in a gene array study. To further characterize its function, we studied by in situ hybridization whether IFI27 is expressed in psoriasis, other inflammatory skin diseases, and wound repair in vivo. We also examined its regulation by different growth factors and anti-psoriatic agents using quantitative RT-PCR (TaqMan). IFI27 mRNA expression was highly upregulated in lesional psoriatic epidermis and also detected in non-lesional keratinocytes. It was also expressed in lichen planus, chronic eczema, cutaneous squamous cell cancers, and during normal wound repair when IFI27 was found in the proliferating subpopulation of keratinocytes. A 3-17-fold upregulation of IFI27 mRNA expression was observed when keratinocytes were stimulated with IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, or TGF-beta1 while retinoids and vitamin D downregulated its expression. Our results suggest that IFI27 is a novel marker of epithelial proliferation and cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Interferon α-Inducible Protein 27 (IFI27) is Upregulated in Psoriatic Skin and Certain Epithelial Cancers

Suomela

Cao

Bowcock

et al. 2004

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

107

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“…We used several statistical approaches to analyze the data, exploring different exposure periods, and various casecontrol definitions within the cohort design. We also explored the possibility of separate associations for BCC and SCC, acknowledging the many indications that BCC and SCC are biologically distinct: essential differences in histogenesis, 46-49 molecular pathways 50,51 and vascularization patterns. 52,53 The major limitation of our study is the lack of data regarding the doses and duration of NSAID use in our subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of NSAIDs on the recurrence of nonmelanoma skin cancer

Grau¹,

Baron²,

Langholz³

et al. 2006

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Experimental studies have consistently shown a protective effect of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) against nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC). However, little human epidemiological research has been done in this regard. We used data from the Skin Cancer Chemoprevention Study to explore the association of NSAID use and with the risk of basal-cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC). 1,805 subjects with a recent history of NMSC were randomized to placebo or 50 mg of daily b-cartene. Participants were asked about their use of over-the-counter and prescription medications at baseline and every 4 months during the trial. Skin follow-up examinations were scheduled annually with a study dermatologist; confirmed lesions were the endpoints in the study. We used a risk set approach to the analysis of grouped times survival data and unconditional logistic regression to compute odds ratios [ORs] for various exposures to NSAIDs. The use of NSAIDs was reported in over 50% of questionnaires. For BCC, NSAIDs exhibited a weak protective effect in crude analyses, which attenuated markedly after adjustment. For SCC, the use of NSAIDs in the year previous to diagnosis reduced the odds by almost 30% (adjusted OR5 0.71, 95% CI 0.48-1.04). When we accounted for frequency of use, results for BCC were not striking, and there were inconsistent suggestions of an inverse association with SCC. There were some indications of a modest, nonsignificant reduction on the number of BCCs and SCCs with NSAID use. Our data suggest a weak and inconsistent chemopreventive effect of NSAIDs on BCC and SCC. ' 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.The chemopreventive effect of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), particularly aspirin, on nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) has been repeatedly shown in animal [1][2][3][4][5] and in in vitro studies. 6,7 In humans, some experimental studies have reported that topical or oral NSAIDs may lead to regression of skin neoplasms. [8][9][10] Findings from both observational studies [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and clinical trials 18-20 are consistent with a protective effect of NSAIDs against colorectal neoplasia, but few epidemiological studies have investigated the preventive effects of NSAIDs on risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer, 21,22 the most commonly occurring cancer in the Caucasian population. 23,24 However, results from 1 single-arm, unblinded study and from a randomized trial of topical diclofenac for treatment of actinic keratoses, a well-known precursor of SCC, have been encouraging. 25,26 In the present analysis, we used data from a skin cancer chemoprevention trial, 27 to explore the relationship between NSAID use and the occurrence of nonmelanoma skin cancer, both basal-cell carcinomas (BCC) and squamous-cell carcinomas (SCC). Material and methodsThe Skin Cancer Prevention Study was a randomized, double blind trial of oral b-carotene for the prevention of nonmelanoma skin cancer in patients with a recent history of these tumors. Details of the study design and methods have been described el...

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“…According to most studies published in the literature (Al-Sader et al 1996;Matsuta et al 1996;Horlock et al 1997; Tilli et al 2002;Mazzarelli et al 2003;Ionescu et al 2006;Correa et al 2009), mean BCC growth fraction detected immunohistochemically by antibodies against Ki-67 antigen ranged between 20-41%. In our study, the mean value of 27.4% is in agreement with the results of the above-mentioned papers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This observation raises the possibility that it may have partly different impact on evolution and biological behavior of this neoplasia. Moreover, the vast majority of the authors (Baum et al 1993;Al-Sader et al 1996;Horlock et al 1997;Lee et al 2000;Tilli et al 2002;Mazzarelli et al 2003;Ionescu et al 2006) found that Ki-67 growth fraction varied considerably between different histomorphological BCC types, even in the tumors belonging to the same group. Our results have shown a wide percentage range in each histological BCC type as well, regardless whether they were primary or recurrent lesions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical evaluation of proliferative activity (Ki-67 index) in different histological types of cutaneous basal cell carcinoma

et al. 2012

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Evaluation of tumor cell proliferation status belongs to the basic prognostic indicators in a routine biopsy report. In cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (BCC), however, there are discrepancies about a true prognostic significance of this histopathological parameter. The aim of this study was to assess a proliferative activity (Ki-67 index) in BCCs of the skin. Biopsy specimens from 80 cutaneous BCCs (63 primary, 17 recurrent) of different histological types from 75 subjects (34 men, 41 women) were enrolled into this study. All samples were immunohistochemically stained by antibody against Ki-67 antigen (DAKO, clone MIB-1, dilution 1:100). For the statistical analysis, χ 2 test was employed. We found a striking percentage variability of nuclear Ki-67 expression in individual tumors (range 2-70%). Mean value of Ki-67 index was 27.4% (in primary tumors 28.1 %, in recurrent lesions 25.6%). The highest Ki-67 expression occurred in infiltrative BCCs (average 38.1%), morpheaform BCCs (average 37.0%), and superficial BCCs (average 35.7%), the lowest expression was recorded in nodular BCCs (average 21.7%) and BCCs with adnexal (trichoepithelial) differentiation (18.6%). There were not persuasive and statistically significant quantitative differences in proliferation activity of tumor cells between the individual histological BCC types, as well as between primary and recurrent lesions. A distribution of Ki-67 positive cells in tumor nests was mostly irregular and areas with a high number of Ki-67 labeled cells often occurred adjacent to areas with a lower number of cells expressing this marker. Because of a marked Ki-67 staining variability, we can conclude that the simple quantification of BCC proliferation activity alone may not be sufficient for the prediction of further biological behavior, evolution and clinical outcome of this malignancy.

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Proliferation indexes--a comparison between cutaneous basal and squamous cell carcinomas.

Cited by 23 publications

References 27 publications

Interferon α-Inducible Protein 27 (IFI27) is Upregulated in Psoriatic Skin and Certain Epithelial Cancers

Interferon α-Inducible Protein 27 (IFI27) is Upregulated in Psoriatic Skin and Certain Epithelial Cancers

Effect of NSAIDs on the recurrence of nonmelanoma skin cancer

Immunohistochemical evaluation of proliferative activity (Ki-67 index) in different histological types of cutaneous basal cell carcinoma

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