Prolactin

Apostolakis, M.

doi:10.1016/s0083-6729(08)60755-4

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…threshold sensitivities have been reported of approximately 12 mU in a total -volume of 0.4 ml injected nmaterial (14,20), while for the more recent modification employing crop mucosa weight (21, 22), a sensitivity of 4 mU in 0.4 ml, or 10 mU/ml, can be achieved (22). Somewhat higher sensitivity has been claimed for a modification involving tritiated methylthymidine uptake (23), but full data on this assay have not yet appeared.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Desl)ite its utility in the measurement of pure hormone preparations and the relatively good precision of which it is capable, the pigeon crop-sac assay has not in general proved sensitive enough to measure prolactin in human blood without elaborate preliminary extraction procedures. The presence in both extracted and unextracted biological fluids of nonspecific substances causing inflammatory reactions can produce serious problems of specificity (14,24,25). An assay of higher sensitivity, employing a mammalian end-organ, is made possible by using mouse breast tissue in organ culture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Forsyth (40) Previous attempts to measure prolactin activity in human blood by means of the pigeon crop-sac assay have yielded widely conflicting results; this subject has recently been thoroughly reviewed (14). In part, these discrepancies appear to have been due to the extraction procedures, acid-acetone methods having led to results which could not be duplicated (14,42), and in part to nonspecific stimulation produced by the extracts themselves in the local crop-sac assay. Our own values for plasma prolactin in normal subjects (less than 0.42 mU/ml), in patients with galactorrhea (less than 0.42 mU/ml to 3.5 mU/ml) and in nursing mothers (0.56 to 4.5 mU/ml) are lower than any previously reported, though in the category of galactorrhea they show some overlap with those of Canfield and Bates (39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strong lactogenic activity has been associated with highly purified human growth hormone preparations (9)(10)(11). Despite several attempts to isolate a separate human prolactin, no preparation in which growth hormone and prolactin activities are completely dissociated has yet been achieved (12)(13)(14), and the existence of a separate human prolactin has been seriously doubted (15). The problem is further complicated by the limitations of sensitivity and specificity of the conventional pigeon crop-sac assay when the latter is applied to human blood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Prolactin: Measurement in Plasma by In Vitro Bioassay

Kleinberg¹,

Frantz²

1971

J. Clin. Invest.

103

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A B S T R A C T Prolactin has been measured in unex-tracted human plasma by a sensitive and specific in vitro bioassay. Secretory activity of breast tissue fragments from mid-pregnant mice, incubated in organ culture with human plasma, serves as the histologic end point.Sensitivity is 5 ng/ml (0.14 mU/ml) or somewhat better for ovine prolactin, and approximately 0.42 mU/ml for prolactin activity of human plasma at the dilutions used in the assay. Human growth hormone as it circulates in blood, like the material extracted from pituitary glands, is strongly lactogenic. Antisera to human growth hormone are capable of completely neutralizing the prolactin effect of large amounts (600 ng/ml) of human growth hormone added to the system. Plasma prolactin activity is less than 0.42 mU/ml in normal men and women. Of 26 patients with nonpuerperal galactorrhea, 14 had elevated prolactin activities ranging from 0.42 to 3.5 mU/ml. Growth hormone levels by radioimmunoassay were far too low, in general, to account for the observed prolactin activity. All of 14 nursing mothers, 1-30 days post partum, had elevated prolactin activity with a mean of 2.29 and a total range of 0.56-4.5 mU/mi.Growth hormone was in the low normal range in all of these subjects. Seven patients on psychoactive drugs of the phenothiazine series similarly had elevated prolactin activity with low growth hormone. Antiserum to human growth hormone, when preincubated with plasma samples from each of these three groups of subjects, produced no significant inhibition of prolactin activity. In two acromegalic patients with markedly elevated growth hormone levels, antiserum to growth hormone produced complete inhibition of prolactin activity in one and partial inhibition in the other. These studies indicate that human growth hormone and human prolactin This work was presented in part at

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