Prolactin selectively transported to cerebrospinal fluid from blood under hypoxic/ischemic conditions

Tani, Naoto; Ikeda, Tomoya; Watanabe, Miho; Toyomura, Junko; Ohyama, Ayako; Ishikawa, Takaki

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0198673

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Subsequently, the filter was placed upright in the culture medium. Schroten H, (2016) established this method in a choroid plexus model [68][69][70][71][72], and we previously described this method in a report on the physiologic significance of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and prolactin [73].…”

Section: Cell Culture Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortisol levels after cold exposure are independent of adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation

Shida¹,

Ikeda²,

Tani³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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We previously showed that postmortem serum levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were significantly higher in cases of hypothermia (cold exposure) than other causes of death. This study examined how the human hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and specifically cortisol, responds to hypothermia. Human samples: Autopsies on 205 subjects (147 men and 58 women; age 15-98 years, median 60 years) were performed within 3 days of death. Cause of death was classified as either hypothermia (cold exposure, n = 14) or noncold exposure (controls; n = 191). Cortisol levels were determined in blood samples obtained from the left and right cardiac chambers and common iliac veins using a chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay. Adrenal gland tissues samples were stained for cortisol using a rabbit anti-human polyclonal antibody. Cell culture: AtT20, a mouse ACTH secretory cell line, and Y-1, a corticosterone secretory cell line derived from a mouse adrenal tumor, were analyzed in mono-and co-culture, and times courses of ACTH (in AtT20) and corticosterone (in Y-1) secretion were assessed after low temperature exposure mimicking hypothermia and compared with data for samples collected postmortem for other cases of death. However, no correlation between ACTH concentration and cortisol levels was observed in hypothermia cases. Immunohistologic analyses of samples from hypothermia cases showed that cortisol staining was localized primarily to the nucleus rather than the cytoplasm of cells in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal gland. During both mono-culture and coculture, AtT20 cells secreted high levels of ACTH after 10-15 minutes of cold exposure, whereas corticosterone secretion by Y-1 cells increased slowly during the first 15-20 minutes of cold exposure. Similar to autopsy results, no correlation was detected between ACTH levels and corticosterone secretion, either in mono-culture or co-culture experiments. These results suggested that ACTH-independent cortisol secretion may function as a stress response during cold exposure.

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Section: Cell Culture Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortisol levels after cold exposure are independent of adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation

Shida¹,

Ikeda²,

Tani³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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“…Conversely, after 30 min of culture, the T3, T4, and Tg levels under hypoxic conditions were lower than those under normoxic conditions. Furthermore, the levels of VEGF, which is a marker of cell function under hypoxic conditions [39], were measured, and no decreases were observed, suggesting no thyroid cell dysfunction. Secretion of the thyroid hormone decreased under hypoxic conditions compared to normoxic conditions after 30 min of culture, suggesting that this could be a result of long-term hypoxia and decreased cell function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid-related hormones as potential markers of hypoxia/ischemia

et al. 2020

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This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of the thyroid-related hormones as markers of acute systemic hypoxia/ischemia to identify deaths caused by asphyxiation due to neck compression in human autopsy cases. The following deaths from pathophysiological conditions were examined: mechanical asphyxia and acute/subacute blunt head injury; acute/subacute non-head blunt injury; sharp instrument injury as the hemorrhagic shock condition; drowning as alveolar injury; burn; and death due to cardiac dysfunction. Blood samples were collected from the left and right cardiac chambers and iliac veins, and serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroglobulin (Tg), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. Two types of thyroid cell lines were used to confirm independent thyroid function under the condition of hypoxia (3% O 2). The human thyroid carcinoma cell line (HOTHC) cell line derived from human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and the UD-PTC (sample of the second resection papillary thyroid carcinoma) cell line derived from human thyroid papillary adenoma, which forms Tg retention follicles, were used to examine the secretion levels of T3, T4, and Tg hormones. The results showed a strong correlation between T3 and T4 levels in all blood sampling sites, while the TSH and Tg levels were not correlated with the other markers. Serum T3 and T4 levels were higher in cases of mechanical asphyxia and acute/subacute blunt head injury, representing hypoxic and ischemic conditions of the brain as compared to those in other causes of death. In the thyroid gland cell line, T4, T3, and Tg levels were stimulated after exposure to hypoxia for 10-30 min. These findings suggest that systemic advanced hypoxia/ischemia may cause a rapid and TSH-independent release of T3 and T4 thyroid hormones in autopsy cases. These findings demonstrate that increased thyroid-related hormone (T3 and T4) levels in the pathophysiological field may indicate systemic hypoxia/ischemia.

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“…Our previous study reported that PRL selectively transported to CSF from blood under hypoxic/ischemic conditions. 16 Methamphetamine reportedly alters the dopaminergic system and damages the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the structure that protects brain tissue from substances circulating in the blood. 32 A previous study investigated intermittent hypoxia on DA release in rat brain treated with amphetamine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of screening for drug use using postmortem prolactin levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid

et al. 2019

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Prolactin (PRL) levels can usually be controlled by PRL-inhibiting psychiatric drugs that include anti-dopamine agents. However, the use of dopamine (DA) antagonists may lead to hyperprolactinemia under certain clinical conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate postmortem PRL levels as potential markers of drug abuse, especially that of DA antagonists, in autopsy cases. We examined 121 autopsy cases, excluding cases involving acute hypoxia/ischemia, such as asphyxia, because PRL concentrations are reportedly increased under acute hypoxic conditions. Detected drugs were classified as either DA antagonists, stimulants, psychotropic drugs other than DA antagonists, or other non-psychotropic drugs, and many cases had no detected drugs. Samples comprised blood collected from the right heart chamber and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). PRL protein level was measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay, and PRL gene expression in the anterior pituitary of autopsy cases was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The PRL-positive cell ratio in the anterior pituitary gland was also measured by immunohistochemical analysis. The results indicated that PRL levels in the serum and CSF were higher in DA antagonist cases than in other cases. PRL levels in the serum and CSF also correlated with the PRL gene expression in cases with abuse of DA antagonists. However, no significant difference in the PRL-positive cell ratio in the anterior pituitary gland was evident between any of the classes of drug-detected and drug-undetected cases. These results suggest that postmortem measurements of PRL transcription levels may be useful for diagnosing cases of DA antagonist use.

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Prolactin selectively transported to cerebrospinal fluid from blood under hypoxic/ischemic conditions

Cited by 21 publications

References 45 publications

Cortisol levels after cold exposure are independent of adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation

Cortisol levels after cold exposure are independent of adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation

Thyroid-related hormones as potential markers of hypoxia/ischemia

Evaluation of screening for drug use using postmortem prolactin levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid

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