Prolactin in Human Reproduction

Molitch, Mark E.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-4907-4.00003-6

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 457 publications

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“…There is also a decrease in the pulsatile secretion of LH and FSH in cases with hyperprolactinaemia; therefore, testosterone levels are low or are at a low normal level. Sperm count, motility and normal forms are also found to decrease (Molitch, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Semen quality and reproductive endocrinal function related to blood lead levels in infertile painters

et al. 2012

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Lead causes male reproductive impairment among painters, but information is still limited. Therefore, the effect of lead on semen quality and reproductive endocrinal function in those patients was investigated. A case series of 27 infertile painters were subjected to semen analysis, measuring of blood lead level (PbB) and serum levels of endocrinal parameters including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), testosterone (T) and prolactin (PRL). Significantly lower sperm count and motility were found in those with duration of exposure (≥ 15 years), but no significant difference was found for PbB and serum levels of FSH, LH, PRL and T. A significant negative correlation between PbB and spermatic count and motility was observed, while there was no significant correlation between PbB and all endocrinal parameters. Patients with PbB ≥ 20 μg dl(-1) showed a significant decrease in sperm motility and increase in testosterone alone among all measured hormones. But the observed decrease in sperm count did not reach a significant level. It is concluded that infertile painters are at risk of lead-related influence on semen quality, especially sperm motility and increased testosterone level without significant affection of other reproductive endocrinal parameters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Semen quality and reproductive endocrinal function related to blood lead levels in infertile painters

et al. 2012

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“…[24] Hence, abnormalities in sperm quality and decreased libido observed in the previous study can also be attributed to the increased in serum prolactin since hyperprolactinemia is attributed to impaired germ cell function due to low FSH and decreased intra-testicular testosterone. [25]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine alters male reproductive hormones in male albino rats: The role of cessation

2013

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OBJECTIVES:The use of nicotine through smoking remains a serious health problem. It has been associated with reduced fertility, although the mechanism responsible is still unclear. The present study was designed to investigate whether nicotine-induced infertility is associated with altered male reproductive hormones in male albino rats.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Forty male rats were divided equally into five groups and treated orally for thirty days. Group I, which served as the control received 0.2 ml/kg normal saline, Group II and III received 0.5 mg/kg (low dose) and 1.0 mg/kg (high dose) body weight of nicotine, respectively. The fourth and fifth groups were gavaged with 0.5 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg body weight of nicotine but were left untreated for another 30 days. These groups served as the recovery groups. Serum was analyzed for testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormones (FSH), and prolactin using radioimmunoassay.RESULTS:Results showed that nicotine administration significantly decreased (P < 0.05) testosterone in the low and high treated groups and FSH in the high dose treated group when compared with the control group. There was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in mean LH and prolactin level in the high dose treated group when compared with the control. However, the values of the recovery groups were comparable with the control.CONCLUSION:The findings in this study suggest that nicotine administration is associated with distorted reproductive hormones in male rats although ameliorated by nicotine cessation. It is plausible that the decreased testosterone level is associated with testicular dysfunction rather than a pituitary disorder.

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“…Prolactin is a single‐chain polypeptide hormone which has effects on reproduction, lactation and metabolism. It is synthesised by the anterior pituitary lactotrophs and regulated by the hypothalamic–pituitary axis through the release of dopamine, which acts as a prolactin inhibitory factor . During pregnancy and lactation there is considerable hyperplasia of lactotrophs, resulting in up to a ten‐fold increase in the circulating levels of prolactin.…”

Section: Introductory Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have reported a possible inhibitory effect of a number of factors (gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone‐associated protein and gama aminobutyric acid) and a possible releasing effect with other factors (thyrotrophin‐releasing hormone, gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone, growth hormone‐releasing hormone, serotonin and some peptides [prolactin‐releasing peptide, neuroactive peptides, opioid peptides]). The physiological significance of these factors remains uncertain and further research is needed to assess their role in this context …”

Section: Introductory Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperprolactinaemia and female reproductive function: what does the evidence say?

Hamoda

Khalaf²,

Carroll³

2012

The Obstetric & Gynaecologis

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Key content Raised levels of prolactin are common and can result in the inhibition of ovulation and infertility. This review summarises the published evidence on the association between hyperprolactinaemia and fertility in women. The evidence on the assessment and treatment of the subfertile woman with clinical or biochemical evidence of hyperprolactinaemia is discussed. The management of hyperprolactinaemia in pregnancy is discussed. Learning objectives To understand the effect of prolactin on ovulation and female reproductive function. To be able to carry out an initial assessment of the infertile woman presenting with hyperprolactinaemia. To understand the management of hyperprolactinaemia in pregnancy. Ethical issues Whether hyperprolactinaemia in the presence of ovulation in the subfertile woman should be treated is debatable. There are safety issues regarding the use of dopamine agonists (bromocriptine, cabergoline and quinagolide) in pregnancy.

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Prolactin in Human Reproduction

Cited by 12 publications

References 457 publications

Semen quality and reproductive endocrinal function related to blood lead levels in infertile painters

Semen quality and reproductive endocrinal function related to blood lead levels in infertile painters

Nicotine alters male reproductive hormones in male albino rats: The role of cessation

Hyperprolactinaemia and female reproductive function: what does the evidence say?

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