Prolactin function and putative expression in the brain

Cabrera-Reyes, Erika Alejandra; Limón-Morales, Ofelia; Rivero-Segura, Nadia Alejandra; Camacho‐Arroyo, Ignacio; Cerbón, Marco

doi:10.1007/s12020-017-1346-x

Cited by 93 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 159 publications

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“…Prolactin (PRL) is a four long α-helix protein hormone, which was discovered in mammals in the 1930s by Oscar Riddle, and in humans in the 1970s by Friesen et al (1). The PRL-encoded gene is located on chromosome 6 in the human, and consists of five exons and four introns (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolactin Variants in Human Pituitaries and Pituitary Adenomas Identified With Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry

Qian

Yang

et al. 2018

Front. Endocrinol.

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Human prolactin (hPRL) plays multiple roles in growth, metabolism, development, reproduction, and immunoregulation, which is an important protein synthesized in a pituitary. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) is an effective method in identity of protein variants for in-depth insight into functions of that protein. 2DE, 2DE-based PRL-immunoblot, mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics were used to analyze hPRL variants in human normal (control; n = 8) pituitaries and in five subtypes of pituitary adenomas [NF− (n = 3)-, FSH+ (n = 3)-, LH+ (n = 3)-, FSH+/LH+ (n = 3)-, and PRL+ (n = 3)-adenomas]. Six hPRL variants were identified with different isoelectric point (pI)-relative molecular mass (Mr) distribution on a 2DE pattern, including variants V1 (pI 6.1; 26.0 kDa), V2 (pI 6.3; 26.4 kDa), V3 (pI 6.3; 27.9 kDa), V4 (pI 6.5; 26.1 kDa), V5 (pI 6.8; 25.9 kDa), and V6 (pI 6.7; 25.9 kDa). Compared to controls, except for variants V2-V6 in PRL-adenomas, V2 in FSH+-adenomas, and V3 in NF−-adenomas, the other PRL variants were significantly downregulated in each subtype of pituitary adenomas. Moreover, the pattern of those six PRL variants was significantly different among five subtypes of pituitary adenomas relative to control pituitaries. Different hPRL variants might be involved in different types of PRL receptor-signaling pathways in a given condition. Those findings clearly revealed the existence of six hPRL variants in human pituitaries, and the pattern changes of six hPRL variants among different subtypes of pituitary adenomas, which provide novel clues to further study the functions, and mechanisms of action, of hPRL in human pituitary and in PRL-related diseases, and the potential clinical value in pituitary adenomas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolactin Variants in Human Pituitaries and Pituitary Adenomas Identified With Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry

Qian

Yang

et al. 2018

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…Our study also found that patients with prolactinomas showed the decrease of gray matter volume (GMV) in the whole prefrontal cortex [18], suggesting that abnormal high PRL levels may have an adverse effect on cognitive function. This effect may be mediated by dopamine [60], or regulated by high level of PRL in the right IFC [61]. In addition to the physical lesion, the endocrine disorders related to functioning pituitary adenoma might be another cause of the damages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement in attention following surgery treatment in pituitary adenoma patients: an evidence from ERP study

Cao

Song

Huang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Cognitive abilities are impaired in patients with pituitary adenoma, which are mostly treated with surgery. However, the study on neurocognitive recovery after transsphenoidal adenomectomy is lacking. The study aims to identify the electrophysiological change that relates to the attention function of pituitary adenoma patients after treatment. Methods: 27 preoperative pituitary patients and 25 follow up postoperative patients were recruited. 27 healthy controls (HCs) were matched to the patients with age, sex, and education. All the pituitary adenoma patients had successfully gone through transsphenoidal adenomectomy under microscope or endoscope. Event-related potentials were used to investigate the cognitive processes of attention for preoperative patients, postoperative patients and healthy controls. In addition, eyesight and blood hormone levels were examined. Six months after surgery, blood hormone levels, pituitary MRI and electrophysiological tests were re-examined. Results: Across three groups, all emotional stimuli could evoke P200 components. Compared with HCs or postoperative patients, the amplitudes of P200 in the preoperative patients were higher. Moreover, The amplitude of P200 decreased in postoperative patients, which was similar to that in HCs. The attention was improved after surgery, but no significant differences were detected between postoperative patients and HCs. Conclusion: The tumor mass effect and abnormal hormone may be relevant to the factors that impair the attention. Compared with that of the HCs and postoperative patients, the P200 component elicited by negative stimuli is higher in preoperative patients, which is associated with the attention impairments. Furthermore, these data indicate the improvement in attention may be attributed to the tumor resection and the amelioration of endocrine disorders. This study shows that P200 component can be used to diagnose the attention in preoperative pituitary patients, and prove the improvement of the attention in postoperative patients.

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“…The secretion of hPRL is usually regulated by PRL inhibitors such as dopamine from hypothalamus [9]. The hPRL is a polypeptide hormone with a wide variety of functions such as controls osmotic pressure and vascularization, participates in the immune response, and promotes neurogenesis in maternal and fetal brains [10,11]. Moreover, the hPRL transports to the target organs and tissues via the blood circulation to bind to two different types of long or short hPRL receptors (hPRLRs) to activate signal pathways including JaK2 activation, Ras-Raf-MAPK pathway, modulatory pathways, PI3K and downstream pathways, and Stats [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis in Combination with Mass Spectrometry in the Study of Hormone Proteoforms

Zhan¹,

Zhou²

2019

Mass Spectrometry - Future Perceptions and Applications

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Hormone is a category of important endocrine regulatory proteins in human endocrine systems. Clarification of hormone proteoforms directly leads to understanding of its biological roles. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DGE) in combination with mass spectrometry (MS) plays important roles in identification of hormone proteoforms such as human growth hormone (hGH) proteoforms and human prolactin (hPRL) proteoforms. This book chapter will review the hormone proteoforms focusing on hGH and hPRL, the methodology of hormone proteoform study, and future perspective of human hormone proteoform study to find biomarkers for in-depth understanding of molecular mechanisms, and individualized and precise diagnosis, therapy, and prognostic assessment of hormone-related diseases.

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Prolactin function and putative expression in the brain

Abstract: The distribution and putative expression of prolactin and its receptors in several neuronal tissues suggests that this hormone has pleiotropic functions in the brain.

Cited by 93 publications

References 159 publications

Prolactin Variants in Human Pituitaries and Pituitary Adenomas Identified With Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry

Prolactin Variants in Human Pituitaries and Pituitary Adenomas Identified With Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry

Improvement in attention following surgery treatment in pituitary adenoma patients: an evidence from ERP study

Application of Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis in Combination with Mass Spectrometry in the Study of Hormone Proteoforms

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