Abstract. Let X be a Fano manifold of Picard number 1 with numerically effective tangent bundle. According to the principal case of a conjecture of Campana-Peternell's, X should be biholomorphic to a rational homogeneous manifold G/P , where G is a simple Lie group, and P ⊂ G is a maximal parabolic subgroup.In our opinion there is no overriding evidence for the Campana-Peternell Conjecture for the case of Picard number 1 to be valid in its full generality. As part of a general programme that the author has undertaken with Jun-Muk Hwang to study uniruled projective manifolds via their varieties of minimal rational tangents, a new geometric approach is adopted in the current article in a special case, consisting of (a) recovering the generic variety of minimal rational tangents Cx, and (b) recovering the structure of a rational homogeneous manifold from Cx. The author proves that, when b 4 (X) = 1 and the generic variety of minimal rational tangents is 1-dimensional, X is biholomorphic to the projective plane P 2 , the 3-dimensional hyperquadric Q 3 , or the 5-dimensional Fano homogeneous contact manifold of type G 2 , to be denoted by K(G 2 ).The principal difficulty is part (a) of the scheme. We prove that Cx ⊂ PTx(X) is a rational curve of degrees ≤ 3, and show that d = 1 resp. 2 resp. 3 corresponds precisely to the cases of X = P 2 resp. Q 3 resp. K(G 2 ). Let K be the normalization of a choice of a Chow component of minimal rational curves on X. Nefness of the tangent bundle implies that K is smooth. Furthermore, it implies that at any point x ∈ X, the normalization Kx of the corresponding Chow space of minimal rational curves marked at x is smooth. After proving that Kx is a rational curve, our principal object of study is the universal family U of K, giving a double fibration ρ : U → K, µ : U → X, which gives P 1 -bundles. There is a rank-2 holomorphic vector bundle V on K whose projectivization is isomorphic to ρ : U → K. We prove that V is stable, and deduce the inequality d ≤ 4 from the inequality c 2 1 (V ) ≤ 4c 2 (V ) resulting from stability and the existence theorem on Hermitian-Einstein metrics. The case of d = 4 is ruled out by studying the structure of the curvature tensor of the Hermitian-Einstein metric on V in the special case where c 2 1 (V ) = 4c 2 (V ).