Projecting future air pollution-related mortality under a changing climate: progress, uncertainties and research needs

Mitochondria‐mediated oxidative stress induced by desert dust in rat alveolar macrophages

“…Changes in land use and desertification are also common sources of airborne dust. In addition to the mineral components, transported dust particles can contain and distribute a diverse array of chemicals and biological components that adhere to the dust surface [ Barberan et al ., ; Mazar et al ., ; Yamaguchi et al ., ], including anthropogenic pollutants and organic compounds [ Falkovich and Rudich , ], toxins, heavy metals, pesticides, bacteria, and mold, originating either at the source or through secondary atmospheric processes [ Katra et al ., ; Madaniyazi et al ., ]. The adsorbed agents can add to the intrinsic effects caused by bare mineral dust particles.…”

“…Lelieveld et al [2015] note that the health impacts due to exposure to dust are less certain than adverse health effects due to anthropogenic air pollution due to lack of cohort studies. and biological components that adhere to the dust surface [Barberan et al, 2015;Mazar et al, 2016;Yamaguchi et al, 2012], including anthropogenic pollutants and organic compounds [Falkovich and Rudich, 2001], toxins, heavy metals, pesticides, bacteria, and mold, originating either at the source or through secondary atmospheric processes [Katra et al, 2014;Madaniyazi et al, 2015]. The adsorbed agents can add to the intrinsic effects caused by bare mineral dust particles.…”

“…Various adverse health effects, specifically respiratory diseases (such as asthma and pneumonia), cardiovascular diseases, cardiopulmonary diseases, and even mortality are associated with exposure to PM in general and to fine mineral dust particles in particular [Baccarelli et al, 2008;Badding et al, 2014;Belnap, 2003;Brook et al, 2004;Chen et al, 2006;Giannadaki et al, 2014;Lim et al, 2012;Metcalf et al, 2012;Perez Garcia-Pando et al, 2014;Soukup et al, 2000;West et al, 2016]. Exposure to PM often leads to oxidative stress in living organisms, through the formation of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can induce inflammation, cell damage, and cell death [Adam-Vizi and Chinopoulos, 2006;Antognelli et al, 2014;Hamad et al, 2016;Kermanizadeh et al, 2015;Lodovici and Bigagli, 2011;Øvrevik et al, 2015;Shuster-Meiseles et al, 2016]. A recent study showed that exposure of macrophages to Asian dust particles induced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production and nuclear factor-κB activation accompanied by ROS generation [Higashisaka et al, 2014].…”

“…The response of cells to stress may lead to alterations in prooxidant and antioxidant activities [Kurutas, 2015;Lodovici and Bigagli, 2011;Øvrevik et al, 2015]. A redox sensitive regulator of cellular adaptation to stress is the Nrf2 transcription factor.…”

Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Particulate Air Pollutants on the Inflammatory Response and Respiratory Symptoms: A Panel Study in Schoolchildren from Rural Areas of Japan

“…The adverse effects of particulate air pollutants on the respiratory system are highly prevalent and significantly contribute to the morbidity and mortality of lung cancer, pneumonia, asthma, pulmonary embolism, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as other organ systems—in particular the cardiovascular system—which are categorized as downstream effects [1,2,3,4]. Exposure to particulate air pollutants is strongly associated with these injurious respiratory health effects, even when adjusted for major risk factors such as cigarette smoking [5].…”