Projected hydrologic changes over the north of the Iberian Peninsula using a Euro-CORDEX multi-model ensemble

A Pareto‐Based Sensitivity Analysis and Multiobjective Calibration Approach for Integrating Streamflow and Evaporation Data

“…Thus, no more than two vegetation parameters were required in all cases: LAI f for station R-5055 (Figure 5), LAI f and rmin f for R-5005 (Figure S3 in Supporting Information S1), and depth 1f and depth 2f for R-2011 (Figure S9 in Supporting Information S1). As suggested in Sepúlveda et al (2022), these differences are likely connected to the existing hydroclimatic gradient between the stations: stations R-5055 and R-5005 are located in the Guadalquivir River Basin, the southern-most, and one of the most semiarid basins in Spain (Yeste et al, 2018), while R-2011 belongs to a more humid climate characteristic of the Duero River Basin (Yeste et al, 2020(Yeste et al, , 2021.…”

“…Over long periods, the water balance equation can be written as follows after normalizing by precipitation (Han et al, 2020;Mendoza et al, 2015Mendoza et al, , 2016Rasmussen et al, 2014;Yeste et al, 2021)…”

“…Over long periods, the water balance equation can be written as follows after normalizing by precipitation (Han et al., 2020; Mendoza et al., 2015, 2016; Rasmussen et al., 2014; Yeste et al., 2021) $$$1=\frac{\overline{Q}}{\overline{P}}+\frac{\overline{E}}{\overline{P}}$$$ where $$\overline{P}$$ [ L / T ] is the mean annual precipitation for the period, $$\overline{Q}$$ [ L / T ] the mean annual streamflow, and $$\overline{E}$$ [ L / T ] is the mean annual evaporation.…”

“…Although the use of evaporation data is becoming increasingly extended as an evaluation variable during a postcalibration phase (e.g., Bouaziz et al, 2021;Rakovec, Kumar, Attinger, & Samaniego, 2016;Rakovec et al, 2019;Rakovec, Kumar, Mai, et al, 2016;Yeste et al, 2020Yeste et al, , 2021 or as a calibration objective itself (e.g., Dembélé, Ceperley, et al, 2020;Dembélé, Hrachowitz, et al, 2020;Demirel et al, 2018;Koppa et al, 2019;López López et al, 2017;Nijzink et al, 2018;Széles et al, 2020), evaporation-related parameters controlling the vegetation processes have remained mostly unattended during sensitivity analysis. This is particularly relevant in the light of results reported in Sepúlveda et al (2022) for the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model (Liang et al, 1994(Liang et al, , 1996, one of the most widely used models by the hydrologic community (Addor & Melsen, 2019), and suggest that, among others, VIC vegetation parameters have strong potential to improve model performance despite their sensitivities have been largely unknown for decades.…”

Climate Change in the Mediterranean Basin (Part II): A Review of Challenges and Uncertainties in Climate Change Modeling and Impact Analyses

“…The most affected countries might be those where water resources are already at a critical level (Tramblay et al 2020) and their management is still today a critical issue (Zribi et al 2020). In southern Europe and North Africa, groundwater recharge and soil water content are expected to decline (Braca et al 2019;Calvache et al 2020), especially during summer, while river runoff, water levels in lakes, and availability of reservoirs are expected to decrease in many locations of the MB (Braca et al 2019;Marx et al 2018;Yeste et al 2021). The decline in water resources may cause several implications in terms of food and energy security, affecting agriculture sector, with significant losses in crop production (D'Odorico et al 2013;El-Nashar and Elyamany 2022).…”