Progressive lithiation mechanism of Sn4P3 nanosheets as anodes for Li-ion batteries

Liu, Jia; Sun, Wei; Ran, Yuzhu; Zhou, Shuyu; Zhang, Linfeng; Wu, Aimin; Huang, Hao; Yao, Man

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.149247

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Both R e and R ct are the kinetic parameters independent of frequency. It can be seen from eq that σ is the slope of the Z′ vs ω –0.5 curve . The relationship of Z′ and ω was plotted, and the σ was deduced as shown in Figure S9.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing Lithium-Storage Performance via Graphdiyne/Graphene Interface by Self-Supporting Framework Synthesized

Hua

Kang

Zhong

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The self-supporting graphdiyne/exfoliated graphene (GDY/EG) composites materials were prepared by the solvothermal method and applied as lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Graphdiyne (GDY) is a new type of carbon allotrope with a natural macroporous structure, but its conductivity is poor. A small amount of highly conductive graphene can improve surface conductivity and facilitate electron transport. The layered GDY/graphene heterogeneous interface can reduce the electron aggregation polarization, enhance the ability to obtain electrons from the electrolyte, and form a more uniform solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) film. The structural performance and electrochemical performance have been systematically studied. The results showed that the GDY/EG composite electrode has a reversible capacity of 1253 mA h g–1 after 600 cycles at a current density of 0.5 A g–1. When the current density is 5 A g–1, the GDY/EG composite electrode can still maintain a reversible capacity of 324 mA h g–1 after 2000 cycles, and the electrode can still maintain a good morphology after recycling. GDY/EG has a high reversible capacity, excellent rate capability, and cycle stability. A small amount of EG and inner foam copper form a double-layer conductivity, which changes the storage method of lithium ions and facilitates the rapid diffusion of lithium ions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be seen from eq 3 that σ is the slope of the Z′ vs ω −0.5 curve. 34 The relationship of Z′ and ω was plotted, and the σ was deduced as shown in Figure S9. The diffusion coefficient can be fitted by eq (4), and the result is listed in Table S2.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Lithium-Storage Performance via Graphdiyne/Graphene Interface by Self-Supporting Framework Synthesized

Hua

Kang

Zhong

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…The rapid development of grid energy storage and commercial electronic vehicles calls for high energy density and inexpensive rechargeable secondary batteries. − Potassium, which is abundant in earth and possesses a low standard hydrogen potential (−2.91 V vs a standard hydrogen electrode), endows potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) with an ideal candidate to mitigate the anxiety about Li resource depletion. − However, the K + radius (1.38 Å) is larger than that of Li + (0.76 Å) and Na + (1.02 Å), due to which many materials suitable for lithium/sodium intercalation become incapable or unstable due to the large volume change in the K + insertion and extraction. − Sn 4 P 3 is a promising anode material for PIBs due to the advantages of high theoretical capacity (614 mAh g –1 ), metallic nature, and low operating potentials. The intrinsic layered crystal structure endows Sn 4 P 3 with K + insertion into tin layers, which are weakly bound by van der Waals forces . Besides, additional capacity may be obtained depending on the alloying reaction of Sn that can enhance the energy density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intrinsic layered crystal structure endows Sn 4 P 3 with K + insertion into tin layers, which are weakly bound by van der Waals forces. 12 Besides, additional capacity may be obtained depending on the alloying reaction of Sn that can enhance the energy density. Nevertheless, the aggressive volume expansion in the potassiation process still suffers from electrode breakage, particle agglomeration, and pulverization upon the repetitive cycling.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elastic Restraint Induced by Carbon Coating Enhances Potassium-Ion Batteries' Performance via Phase Transition

Luo,

Zhou,

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) possess great potential in the next generation of large-scale energy storage due to their abundant sources and suitable operating voltage. However, the serious volume expansion resulting from the large radius of K + makes it difficult to insert and extract, which greatly limits the development of PIBs. Herein, tin phosphide coated with carbon (Sn 4 P 3 @C) is designed for the PIB anode material by in situ construction of robust physical barriers of carbonaceous materials to accommodate the strain induced by volume expansion. Furthermore, the unique elastic restraint induced by the carbon coating in Sn 4 P 3 @C blocks the phase transition of α-Sn to β-Sn during the process of potassiation. Meanwhile, the existence of α-Sn facilitates K + diffusion dynamics, endowing the Sn 4 P 3 @C electrode with high reversible discharge ability, good circularity, and a low discharge plateau. Moreover, the electrode can maintain a capacity of 187 mAh g −1 over repeated 1500 cycles at 1 A g −1 . This work not only explores the chemical kinetics of K + in Sn 4 P 3 but also provides a new idea for basic research of tin-based anode materials.

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“…Transition-metal phosphides have drawn increasing attention owing to their relatively higher theoretical lithium-storage capacities than widely used graphite-based anodes. − Typical metal phosphides include CoP, FeP 2 , Sn 4 P 3 , Cu 3 P, and MoP . Among various transition-metal phosphides, tin phosphide (Sn 4 P 3 ) is the most charming alternative anode material for LIBs because of the synergistic Li + storage capability of Sn and P alloying, which results in higher capacity and cycling stability. − Unfortunately, large volume expansion , during reversible Li + storage and low ionic/electronic conductivity has hindered the practical application of Sn 4 P 3 anodes . Integrating Sn 4 P 3 with carbon-based materials could improve the electrical conductivity of anode materials and stabilize the solid electrolyte layer (SEI). , For example, solvothermal-synthesized Sn 4 P 3 nanoparticles were dispersed homogeneously in the graphene sphere shell to relieve volume expansion that occurred upon cycling, resulting in a value of 606.4 mA h g –1 at 0.1 C after 100 cycles as LIB anodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sn₄P₃ Encapsulated in Carbon Nanotubes/Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) as the Anode for Pseudocapacitive Lithium-Ion Storage

Zhao

Feng

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Developing lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with higher capacity is crucial for renewable energy utilization, such as large-scale energy storage systems, as well as portable and flexible electronics. As a conversion-reaction type LIB anode material, Sn4P3 could deliver a theoretical gravimetric capacity of 1132 mA h g–1. However, the usage of Sn4P3 in real LIB applications has been impeded by large volume expansion, low electronic conductivity, and limited Li+ charging speed upon cycling. Therefore, Sn4P3 is usually combined with carbon materials to improve its electrochemical performance. Herein, Sn4P3 nanoparticles were encapsulated inside the inner cavities of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using a low-pressure vapor approach. This stemlike CNT network was further coated using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) as the electron-boosting buffer layer. In this special design, CNT/PEDOT bilayers could relieve the volume expansion of Sn4P3 during charge–discharge, as well as provide robust electron and ion transportation. As anode materials for LIBs, Sn4P3@CNT/PEDOT exhibits superior rate performances (reversible capability of 499 mA h g–1 at 2000 mA g–1) and superior long-term cycling stability (701 mA h g–1 after 500 cycles at 500 mA g–1 and 1208 mA h g–1 after 230 cycles at 100 mA g–1). In addition, a high pseudocapacitive contribution of 80% was delivered by Sn4P3@CNT/PEDOT, satisfying potential fast-charging demands. The present study provides a novel train of thought for improving the electrochemical performance of other conversion-reaction-type anode materials with large volume expansion.

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Progressive lithiation mechanism of Sn4P3 nanosheets as anodes for Li-ion batteries

Cited by 12 publications

References 51 publications

Enhancing Lithium-Storage Performance via Graphdiyne/Graphene Interface by Self-Supporting Framework Synthesized

Enhancing Lithium-Storage Performance via Graphdiyne/Graphene Interface by Self-Supporting Framework Synthesized

Elastic Restraint Induced by Carbon Coating Enhances Potassium-Ion Batteries' Performance via Phase Transition

Sn₄P₃ Encapsulated in Carbon Nanotubes/Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) as the Anode for Pseudocapacitive Lithium-Ion Storage

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Progressive lithiation mechanism of Sn4P3 nanosheets as anodes for Li-ion batteries

Cited by 12 publications

References 51 publications

Enhancing Lithium-Storage Performance via Graphdiyne/Graphene Interface by Self-Supporting Framework Synthesized

Enhancing Lithium-Storage Performance via Graphdiyne/Graphene Interface by Self-Supporting Framework Synthesized

Elastic Restraint Induced by Carbon Coating Enhances Potassium-Ion Batteries' Performance via Phase Transition

Sn4P3 Encapsulated in Carbon Nanotubes/Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) as the Anode for Pseudocapacitive Lithium-Ion Storage

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Sn₄P₃ Encapsulated in Carbon Nanotubes/Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) as the Anode for Pseudocapacitive Lithium-Ion Storage