Progressive and imaginal relaxation training for elderly persons with subjective anxiety.

Scogin, Forrest; Rickard, Henry C.; Keith, Steven; Wilson, Jennifer; McElreath, Lisa

doi:10.1037/0882-7974.7.3.419

Cited by 57 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…With a few exceptions, mean baseline Spielberger trait anxiety scores fell within a narrow range (50.0 – 57.0). Outliers included Scogin et al (47), who reported a mean of 42.9; DeBerry et al (42): 43.2; Stanley et al (48): 48.0; and at the other end of the spectrum, Gorenstein et al (49): 73.1. Reflecting the relative emphasis of GAD, 10 of the studies included worry measures such as the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (50).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-Analysis Comparing Different Behavioral Treatments for Late-Life Anxiety

Thorp

Ayers

Nuevo

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

126

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Objective-To evaluate the efficacy of different types of behavioral treatments for geriatric anxiety [cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) alone, CBT with relaxation training (RT), and RT alone].Method-We compared effect sizes from 19 trials. Analyses were based on uncontrolled outcomes (comparing post-treatment and pre-treatment scores) and effects relative to control conditions on both anxiety and depressive symptoms.Results-Treatments for older adults with anxiety symptoms were, on average, more effective than active control conditions. Effect sizes were comparable to those reported elsewhere for CBT for anxiety in the general population or for pharmacotherapy in anxious older adults. CBT (alone or augmented with RT) does not appear to add anything beyond RT alone, although a direct comparison is challenging given differences in control conditions. Effects on depressive symptoms were smaller, with no differences among treatment types. Conclusion-Resultssuggest that behavioral treatments are effective for older adults with anxiety disorders and symptoms. Results must be interpreted with caution given the limitations of the literature, including differing sample characteristics and control conditions across studies. KeywordsPsychotherapy; Geriatric; Anxiety; Relaxation Training; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Please address correspondence to: Julie Wetherell, Ph.D., UCSD Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Gilman Drive, Dept. 9116B, San Diego, CA 92093-9116, (858) 552-8585 ext. 2752, FAX: (858) jwetherell@ucsd.edu. 3 Note that Scogin et al. (47) contribute two RT samples ("progressive relaxation" and "imaginal progressive relaxation") and both Radley et al. (60) and Sallis et al. (58) describe "anxiety management training" which teaches methods of "dealing with" avoidance, "coping with" anxiety, "thinking processes," and "self-monitoring" that we did not deem as explicit CBT methods for the purposes of this review. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptAm J Geriatr Psychiatry. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 February 1. NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptThe prevalence of anxiety among older adults is high (1), surpassing the rates of depression and severe cognitive dysfunction (2). Almost twice as many mental health Medicare claims are filed for anxiety disorders (38%) as for affective disorders (21%; 3). Anxiety disorders are associated with decreased quality of life (4) and increased disability (5) in older adults. Persistent anxiety symptoms that do not meet criteria for an anxiety disorder are also associated with serious negative consequences such as sleep disturbance, interference with daily activities, and distress (6,7). Prospective as well as cross-sectional research in the elderly has demonstrated that anxiety symptoms are associated with medical illness such as coronary heart disease (8), self-reported mobility limitations (9), and higher levels of health care utilization, including more primary care visits and more time spent during each visit ...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-Analysis Comparing Different Behavioral Treatments for Late-Life Anxiety

Thorp

Ayers

Nuevo

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

126

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“…Bennett and Stothart, 1980;Kukla, 1976;Lanning and Hisanaga, 1983;Long and Haney, 1988;Rasid and Parish, 1998;Ricketts and Galloway, 1984;Schaer and Isom, 1988;Scogin et al, 1992;Shapiro and Lehrer, 1980;Stephens, 1992;Throll, 1981). Consequently, such research provides no information on the specific cognitive and somatic effects of relaxation techniques, and is unable to test the multi-process theory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Examining the multi-process theory: an investigation of the effects of two relaxation techniques on state anxiety

Gill

Kolt

Keating

2004

Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies

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“…Techniques showing positive effects included relaxation training, visualization-relaxation, cognitive restructuring, as well as combinations of these techniques [35][36][37][38][39]. More recently, randomized clinical trials have investigated the efficacy of comprehensive CBT packages as applied to DSM-IV-diagnosed elderly anxiety patients, mostly with GAD but also with mixed anxiety states [40,41•,42-44].…”

Section: Cbt For Treatment Of Anxiety In the Elderlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety in the elderly

Gorenstein

Papp²

2007

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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Anxiety is a significant problem among the elderly. Due to complexities in the medical management of elderly patients, researchers and clinicians have sought psychosocial alternatives to pharmacotherapy in order to treat anxiety in the elderly. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in particular has been investigated as a promising treatment. Research conducted to date has established that CBT produces significant improvement in anxiety symptoms among the elderly. However, there is some concern that CBT does not benefit elderly anxiety patients as much as it does younger patients. Investigators are seeking methods of augmenting or supplementing CBT in order to develop more effective treatments for anxiety in the elderly.

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Progressive and imaginal relaxation training for elderly persons with subjective anxiety.

Cited by 57 publications

References 16 publications

Meta-Analysis Comparing Different Behavioral Treatments for Late-Life Anxiety

Meta-Analysis Comparing Different Behavioral Treatments for Late-Life Anxiety

Examining the multi-process theory: an investigation of the effects of two relaxation techniques on state anxiety

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety in the elderly

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