Progression to the target vs. regular rules in Soccer small-sided Games

Praça, Gibson Moreira; Andrade, André Gustavo Pereira de; Bredt, Sarah da Glória Teles; Moura, Felipe Arruda; Moreira, Pedro Emílio Drumond

doi:10.1080/24733938.2020.1869811

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…72,73 Also, different studies have proposed analysing training game-based activities (usually similar to those adopted in the testing procedures) using positional metrics. 74,75 Therefore, analysing the validity and reliability of such tactical measures in standardized testing contexts could reduce bias by eliminating the need for experts to judge players’ behaviours. Also, this kind of analysis would increase the facility to gather data, as these systems provide positional data automatically and, thus, do not require time-consuming observational procedures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of the criterion validity and reliability of technical and tactical field-based tests in soccer

Clemente

Praça

Oliveira

et al. 2022

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching

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Background Field-based tests are important since they can guarantee ecological validity. Although most such tests are designed to assess physical fitness, tactical and technical dimensions are also determinants in a full battery of tests. Objectives This systematic review aimed to (a) summarize the criterion validity and reliability of technical and tactical field-based tests applied in soccer and (b) list valid and reliable technical and tactical field-based tests. Methods A systematic review of EBSCO, PubMed, Scielo, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. The eligibility criteria included (i) population (soccer players from any age group, competitive level, or sex); (ii) exposure (exposure to technical and/or tactical field-based tests covering individual technical skills, tactical behaviours, tactical knowledge, and decision-making in the field); (iii) comparator (a laboratory test and/or a criterion field-based test); (iv) outcome (measures of reliability); and (v) no restrictions concerning study design. The synthesis of results focused on the outcomes considered in the eligibility criteria. Results A total of 5008 titles were identified, of which 21 met the eligibility criteria. Eight studies’ analyses centred on tactical tests. Of those, six studies tested the same instrument (FUT-SAT), one study examined divergent thought, and one study used a soccer-specific skills test Among the 10 included studies involving technical tests, only two repeated the same test (the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test). Three studies included tests concurring with physical ones. According to the main findings, the eight studies that used tactical tests revealed that the outcomes obtained from the tests and observers were reliable. The 10 studies that used technical tests, as well as the three concurrent studies, revealed similarly high reliability. Of the eight studies that used tactical tests, seven involved youth participants. Furthermore, three of the 10 studies that conducted technical tests were done on adults. Of the concurrent tests, three involved youth athletes. Only one study including a tactical analysis presented values for validity, while three others provided information about validity. The four studies provided information about test validity. Conclusions Overall, the selected technical and tactical tests, most of which were carried out on youth players, revealed their validity and reliability. Although most studies focused on reliability (which was confirmed regardless of the test included), criterion validity was also observed in the few studies that analysed such factors. Thus, the tests currently proposed for assessing technical and tactical behaviours possess acceptable criterion validity and reliability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of the criterion validity and reliability of technical and tactical field-based tests in soccer

Clemente

Praça

Oliveira

et al. 2022

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching

Self Cite

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“…Praça et al [14] designed SSCG to emphasize progression to the target and found that players presented higher exploratory behaviors. Machado et al [10,12] found that these manipulated rules contribute to players having more difficulty exchanging passes, keeping possession of the ball, and inhibiting players' and teams' exploratory behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nunes et al [26] observed that U-15 and U-23 players performed more sprints in SSCG with a larger playing area. Moreover, when rules were manipulated to emphasize tactical content of progression to the target, players covered greater distances in different speed zones, especially in sprinting and high-speed running [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies reported acute effects of task manipulation (e.g., number of players, the dimension and shape of the pitch, the quantity and location of goals) on players' and teams' performance during SSCG [2][3][4]. In addition, the impact of rule constraints can be considered a determinant to achieving the physical and tactical stimulus [12,14]. As an example, Machado et al [12] highlighted two different strategies of task constraint manipulation: (i) modification of structural elements of the game (e.g., number of players, pitch dimension, goal sizes, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applying Different Strategies of Task Constraint Manipulation in Small-Sided and Conditioned Games: How Do They Impact Physical and Tactical Demands?

Machado

Góes

Aquino

et al. 2022

Sensors

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This study aimed to investigate how different strategies of task constraint manipulation impact physical and tactical demands in small-sided and conditioned games (SSCG). Ten recreational U-17 soccer players participated in this study (16.89 ± 0.11 years). We used different strategies of task manipulation to design two 4 vs. 4 SSCG: Structural SSCG and Functional SSCG. In Structural SSCG, pitch format and goal sizes were manipulated, while in Functional SSCG, players were allowed to kick the ball twice and at least 5 passes to shoot at the opponent’s goal. Players participated in four Structural and Functional SSCG, of five minutes duration with a two-minute interval in between. Players’ physical performance and tactical behavior were assessed using the WIMU PROTM inertial device. Structural SSCG stimulated players to cover more distance in sprinting (p = 0.003) and high-speed running (p < 0.001). Regarding tactical behavior, Structural SSCG stimulated players to explore game space better (p < 0.001). Moreover, Functional SSCG stimulated players to be closer to the ball, decreasing the effective playing space (p = 0.008). We conclude that these strategies of task constraint manipulation impact physical and tactical demands of the game.

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“…However, when looking at both within- and between-session reliability, the SSG without the offside rule showed lower ICC values than the SSG with it. It has been proposed in the literature that a higher movement variability can be detected in lesser-known game formats [ 48 , 49 , 50 ]. It can be argued that U-17 soccer players usually engage in more specific tasks than those that are general game-based tasks—therefore, the game with the offside rule seems to be more representative of the requirements of the official match.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Small-Sided Games with and without the Offside Rule on Young Soccer Players: Reliability of Physiological Demands

Custódio

Santos

Ildefonso

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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This study aimed to compare the physiological demand between three vs. three small-sided games (SSGs) with (3vs.3WITH) and without (3vs.3WITHOUT) the offside rule, as well as the within- and between-session reliability of this demand. Twenty-four U-17 soccer athletes performed various three vs. three (plus goalkeepers) SSGs with and without the offside rule. The data collection was performed within an eight-week period. Athletes’ heart rate was monitored during the SSG. The variables analyzed were the percentage mean heart rate (HRMEAN%) and the percentage peak heart rate (HRPEAK%). For the analysis of within-session reliability, the mean value of the first two and last two SSG bouts performed within one day were used. The between-session reliability was calculated using the mean value of the four SSG bouts of each SSG type performed on two different days. In both SSGs, the values for reliability were significant and were classified as moderate to excellent. There were no significant differences in the physiological demand among SSG types. We concluded that the offside rule does not influence the physiological demand in a three vs. three SSG and the HRMEAN% and HRPEAK% present moderate to excellent reliability in a three vs. three SSG with and without the offside rule.

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Progression to the target vs. regular rules in Soccer small-sided Games

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

A systematic review of the criterion validity and reliability of technical and tactical field-based tests in soccer

A systematic review of the criterion validity and reliability of technical and tactical field-based tests in soccer

Applying Different Strategies of Task Constraint Manipulation in Small-Sided and Conditioned Games: How Do They Impact Physical and Tactical Demands?

Effect of Small-Sided Games with and without the Offside Rule on Young Soccer Players: Reliability of Physiological Demands

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