Progression of lesions in the respiratory tract of broilers after single infection with Escherichia coli compared to superinfection with E. coli after infection with infectious bronchitis virus

Dwars, R. M.; Matthijs, M.G.R.; Daemen, A.J.J.M.; Eck, J. H. H. van; Vervelde, Lonneke; Landman, W. J. M.

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.09.019

Cited by 50 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Traditionally, E. coli has been regarded as an opportunistic pathogen, and colibacillosis regarded a secondary disease following a primary infection (Dwars et al, 2009) or lack of appropriate management (Vandekerchove et al, 2004b). However, an increased significance, and a primary rather than secondary role of APEC in layers, has been reported both from the Netherlands and Denmark (Vandekerchove et al, 2005;Gregersen et al, 2010a).…”

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confidence: 99%

Multi-locus sequence typing and plasmid profile characterization of avian pathogenicEscherichia coliassociated with increased mortality in free-range layer flocks

et al. 2011

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Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strains originating from 10 free-range layer flocks were characterized by multi-locus sequence typing and plasmid profile analysis to investigate their phylogenetic relationship and diversity, respectively. In addition to colibacillosis, all flocks tested positive for antibodies against avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) during production, and six of the flocks were concurrently affected by histomonosis. Accumulated average mortality for flocks concurrently affected by colibacillosis and histomonosis made up 17.4%, while the average mortality for E. coli-infected flocks was 16.5%. A total of eight different sequence types (STs) and 47 different plasmid profiles were demonstrated among the E. coli isolates. Within each flock between one and four different STs and between three and 13 different plasmid profiles were demonstrated. A statistical significant difference in STs and plasmid profile diversity of the population of E. coli was not demonstrated between flocks affected by histomonosis compared with histomonosis-free flocks. Only minor clonal diversity was demonstrated for each flock, and in all but one flock colibacillosis started before antibodies against aMPV were detected. All isolates, except two, carried plasmids greater than 100 kb, but only a single plasmid replicon type, IncFIB, was demonstrated, suggesting plasmids representing this type might represent a common pathogenicity factor for the different STs of E. coli. Within each flock a clonal tendency was observed, indicating that only certain clones of E. coli possess a significant pathogenic potential. These clones act as primary rather than secondary pathogens, resulting in colibacillosis without predisposing factors, including histomonosis and aMPV.

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Multi-locus sequence typing and plasmid profile characterization of avian pathogenicEscherichia coliassociated with increased mortality in free-range layer flocks

et al. 2011

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“…In general, healthy broiler chickens older than approximately 2 weeks will overcome experimentally induced colibacillosis within a short time span (Dwars et al, 2009), in contrast to broilers with an E. coli superinfection after infection with respiratory virus such as infectious bronchitis virus (Dwars et al, 2009) and Newcastle disease virus or mycoplasmas (Barnes et al, 2008). In the present study, EPS was reproduced experimentally in laying hens in the absence of any trigger.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproduction of theEscherichia coliperitonitis syndrome in laying hens

Landman¹,

Heuvelink²,

Eck³

2013

Avian Pathology

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In five experiments, each consisting of four or six groups with seven or 14 brown laying hens per group, birds were inoculated with an Escherichia coli strain, isolated from a layer with the E. coli peritonitis syndrome (EPS) by different routes between 23 and 33 weeks of age. Aerosol-exposed hens inhaled 10 5.1 to 10 6.2 colony-forming units per hen; hens inoculated by other routes received 10 7.6 to 10 9.1 colony-forming units per hen. In one experiment, one-half of the birds of each group were injected intraperitoneally with sterile egg yolk simultaneously with E. coli. Dead and surviving birds were necropsied and bacteriological examination of the bone marrow was performed. The percentage of birds with EPS that died was 89 (159/179). Nearly all dead birds showed septicaemia (155/159 097%), while most had septicaemia and peritonitis (126/159 079%). Surviving hens with EPS (20/179 011%) showed chronic peritonitis and inactive ovaries. Taking all experiments together, exposure of hens by the intravenous, intratracheal and intraperitoneal routes induced EPS in 84% (41/49), 80% (55/69) and 76% (16/21), respectively, while aerosol and intravaginal exposure resulted in EPS percentages of 57% (32/56) and 49% (28/57), respectively. Except for orally inoculated groups (7/56 013% EPS), in all other groups the EPS rates differed significantly (P B0.01) from those of the placebo-exposed groups (0/42). Neither the age of hens nor the presence of free yolk in the abdomen influenced the EPS rate. The results of the present study are suggestive of the respiratory and vaginal origin of EPS in the field.

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“…The E. coli strain 506 (serotype O78K80) used is a flumequine-resistant and doxycycline intermediary sensitive strain isolated from an inflamed pericardium from a commercial broiler suffering from natural colibacillosis (Van Eck & Goren, 1991). Its colibacillosis inducing potency was confirmed experimentally earlier (Matthijs et al, 2003;Velkers et al, 2005;Ask et al, 2006;Dwars et al, 2009). The inocula were prepared from a deep-frozen stock culture (Á708C) of this strain.…”

Section: Fungal Immunomodulatory Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivoscreening of five phytochemicals/extracts and a fungal immunomodulatory protein against colibacillosis in broilers

Peek¹,

Halkes²,

Tomassen³

et al. 2013

Avian Pathology

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Five phytochemicals/extracts (an extract from Echinacea purpurea, a b-glucan-rich extract from Shiitake, betaine [Betain TM ], curcumin from Curcuma longa [turmeric] powder, carvacrol and also a recombinant fungal immunomodulatory protein [FIP] from Ganoderma lucidum) cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli were investigated for their anticolibacillosis potential in three chicken experiments, which were conducted in floor pens. Birds that were inoculated with E. coli intratracheally were treated with the phytochemicals/ extracts or the FIP and compared with doxycycline-medicated and non-medicated infected broilers. Nonmedicated and non-infected birds were used as negative controls. Mortality, colibacillosis lesions and body weight gains were used as parameters. Considering the sum of dead birds and chickens with generalized colibacillosis per group, there was no significant difference between the positive control groups and birds treated with phytochemicals/extracts or the FIP. In contrast, doxycycline-treated birds showed significantly lower mortality and generalized colibacillosis. Moreover, none of the phytochemicals/extracts and the FIP improved recovery from colibacillosis lesions, while all doxycycline-treated broilers recovered completely. The negative control birds and doxycycline-treated groups consistently showed the highest weight gains. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of reisolates showed that they were genetically indistinguishable from the inoculation strain. In conclusion, none of the tested phytochemicals/extracts and the FIP significantly reduced the E. coli-induced mortality and generalized colibacillosis, and nor did they improve recovery from colibacillosis lesions.

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Progression of lesions in the respiratory tract of broilers after single infection with Escherichia coli compared to superinfection with E. coli after infection with infectious bronchitis virus

Cited by 50 publications

References 28 publications

Multi-locus sequence typing and plasmid profile characterization of avian pathogenicEscherichia coliassociated with increased mortality in free-range layer flocks

Multi-locus sequence typing and plasmid profile characterization of avian pathogenicEscherichia coliassociated with increased mortality in free-range layer flocks

Reproduction of theEscherichia coliperitonitis syndrome in laying hens

In vivoscreening of five phytochemicals/extracts and a fungal immunomodulatory protein against colibacillosis in broilers

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