Progress towards the biological control ofChromolaena odorata(L.) R.M.King & H.Rob. (Asteraceae) in South Africa

A comparison of host range and performance of congeneric leaf-mining flies, Hydrellia pakistanae (Diptera: Ephydridae) and Hydrellia sp., two candidate biological control agents for the South African biotype of Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrocharitaceae)

“…However, host plant genotype is increasingly recognized as a bottom-up factor of considerable importance, particularly in weed biological control programmes targeting genetically diverse weeds (Grevstad et al, 2013;Lym and Carlson, 2002;Lym et al, 1996;Manrique et al, 2008;Zachariades et al, 2011). This, coupled with evidence of severe limitations in the H. verticillata biological control programme in North America due to biotype mismatches Grevstad et al, 2013), strongly suggested that Hydrellia sp.…”

An Assessment of a Community-Based, Forest Restoration Programme in Durban (eThekwini), South Africa

“…We therefore suggest that in recently (e.g., zero-year-old habitat) and future reforested habitats, IAPs should be uprooted and not cut, since these habitats are dominated by juvenile plants. Furthermore, all of the common IAPs present in the restored habitats have established biological control agents [76,77]. Therefore, biological control should also be prioritized as an alternative IAP management option.…”

Phytogeography and Invasion Spread of Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King et H. Rob. in the Western Himalaya, India

“…C. odorata distribution can be roughly divided into three types (Fig. 2) namely (a) areas where Chromolaena is not reprted yet, (b) Chromolaena in troduced and (c) Chromolaena native (Zachariades et al 1999). The geographical distribution of C. odorata is known to be limited to regions within 30°N and 30°S latitudes in areas with a rainfall of 200 cm and above and where air tempe rature ranges from 20°C to 37°C (Timbilla & Braimah 2002).…”