Progress towards highly stable and lead-free perovskite solar cells

Mutalib, Mashetoh Abd; Ludin, Norasikin Ahmad; Ruzalman, Nik Ahmad Aizudden Nik; Barrioz, Vincent; Sepeai, Suhaila; Teridi, Mohd Asri Mat; Su’ait, Mohd Sukor; Sopian, Kamaruzzaman

doi:10.1007/s40243-018-0113-0

Cited by 35 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(114 reference statements)

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“…Many great reviews have been published in the past years on the lead‐free PSCs, i.e., PSCs with zero lead within, [ 49–53 ] sometimes with a section on lead‐less PSCs, [ 54–56 ] but, to the best of our knowledge, no extensive review dedicated to lead‐less PSCs has been published yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead‐Less Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Gollino

Pauporté

2021

Solar RRL

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The rise and commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is hindered by the toxicity of lead present in the perovskites used as the solar light absorber. To counter this problem, lead (Pb) can be fully (lead‐free) or partially (lead‐less) replaced by diverse elements. The former compounds suffer from poor efficiency and poor stability, whereas the later appear more promising. Herein, a survey of the methods reported in the literature to reduce Pb content in PSCs to fabricate “lead‐less” (also called “lead‐deficient”) PSCs is offered. First, the comparison of Sn and Pb elements and the partial replacement of Pb by Sn are developed. Then, its substitution by either Ge, Sr, or other alkaline‐earth‐metals, transition metals, and elements from columns 12, 13, and 15 of the periodic table are detailed. The new families of perovskites based on the insertion of organic cations to replace lead and halogen units, namely the “lead‐deficient” and “hollow” halide perovskites are then presented and discussed. Finally, atypical ways to reduce the toxicity of PSCs are presented: perovskite layer thickness reduction via optimization of photon collection, integration of photonic structures, and usage of recycled lead. The current achievements and the outlook of those strategies are presented and discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead‐Less Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Gollino

Pauporté

2021

Solar RRL

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“…The similarities of Sn‐based perovskites to Pb‐based perovskites have attracted research interests of the solar cell community, and the realization of the Sn‐based solar cell as future generation solar cells highly depends on the strategies that can accentuate the promising factors and mitigate the undesired aspects associated with Sn‐based perovskites. There is an exhaustive list of review papers available to introduce the promising potential of Sn as Pb‐free perovskite material to the reader . But the vulnerability of Sn‐based perovskites compels the author to adopt a different route, which involves either searching for an alternate Pb‐free material such as Ge, Bi, Sb, Cu, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…b) Year‐wise comparison of PCE between Pb‐based and Sn‐based perovskite solar cells. c) Comparison of PCE among different compositions of Sn‐based perovskite solar cells …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Present Status and Research Prospects of Tin‐based Perovskite Solar Cells

Hasan

Lee

et al. 2019

Solar RRL

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Sn‐based halide perovskites have attracted much interest due to their highly valuable electrical and optical properties. The promising optical and electrical properties of Sn‐based perovskites have enticed a lot of research to focus on developing the strategies and explore the in‐depth material characteristics. Sn‐halide perovskites exhibit apparent merits and demerits. The ideal electrical and optical properties are even better than that of Pb‐analogs, namely close‐to‐optimal bandgap, strong optical absorption, and good carrier mobilities. However, the present achievement of Sn‐halide perovskite solar cells is not satisfactory, which is commonly attributed to relatively low defect tolerance, fast crystallization, and oxidative instability. The efficiency of Sn‐based perovskites is far ahead, with a 9% power conversion efficiency (PCE), than the other (Ge, Bi, Sb, Cu, etc.) Pb‐free options but simultaneously lagging far behind Pb‐based analogs that have a 25.2% PCE. This review is aimed at presenting milestone works and revealing the pros and cons of Sn‐halide perovskites. In addition, the defect physics of Sn‐based perovskites is described. The improvement of open‐circuit voltage is a critical issue for Sn‐halide perovskites to compete with Pb‐based perovskites. The understanding of defect physics plays an instrumental role in designing strategies for efficient and robust Sn‐halide perovskite solar cells.

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“…Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been attracting great attention in the past decade due to their rise in power conversion efficiencies (PCE), with certified efficiencies now greater that 25% [1][2][3][4][5]. A typical PSC consists of multiple layers of solid thin films, which include an electron transport layer (ETL), perovskite absorber layer and hole transport layer (HTL).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance-Enhancing Sulfur-Doped TiO2 Photoanodes for Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2022

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High-performance electron transport layer (ETL) anode generally needs to form a uniform dense layer with suitable conduction band position and good electron transport properties. The TiO2 photoanode is primarily applied as the ETL because it is low-cost, has diverse thin-film preparation methods and has good chemical stability. However, pure TiO2 is not an ideal ETL because it lacks several important criteria, such as low conductivity and conduction band mismatch with compositional-tailored perovskite. Thus, TiO2 is an inefficient photo-anode or ETL for high-performance perovskite devices. In this study, sulfur as dopant in the TiO2 photo-anode thin film is used to fabricate solid-state planar perovskite solar cells in relatively high humidity (40–50%). The deposited S-doped thin film improves the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the device to 6.0%, with the un-doped TiO2 producing a PCE of 5.1% in the best device. Improvement in PCE is due to lower recombination and higher photocurrent density, resulting in 18% increase in PCE (5.1–6.0%).

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Progress towards highly stable and lead-free perovskite solar cells

Cited by 35 publications

References 103 publications

Lead‐Less Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Lead‐Less Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Present Status and Research Prospects of Tin‐based Perovskite Solar Cells

Performance-Enhancing Sulfur-Doped TiO2 Photoanodes for Perovskite Solar Cells

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